High temperature of 45 steel quenching process parameters on the influence of the organization
Abstract:45 # steel is commonly used in carbon quenched and tempered steel.With wide application in real life. This experiment is through the research of 45 # steel after different heating temperature and holding time of the structure characteristics and hardness, to seek the most suitable for 45 steel heat treatment process. Through sampling, grinding, polishing, etching after samples, under the action of quenching process, produce the different microstructure and hardness. This experiment adopts the quenching temperature is 840 ℃ respectively, 880 ℃ and 930 ℃. Hardening holding time is respectively 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, which add a insulation under 840 ℃ for 30 min, to compare and confirm whether holding time as long as possible. Through this experiment, found that after short time high temperature quenching of 45 steel, the organization in conjunction with the heating temperature and holding time of each other, can get the best strength and hardness. The highest hardness when under 880 ℃ heat preservation 5 min, the temperature and time can save a lot of cost in production, production has a realistic significance for small and medium enterprises.
Keywords: 45 # steel;High temperature quenching;The microstructure;hardness
1.1 碳素钢的介绍
铁碳合金中,含碳量质量百分比在0.02%到2.06%之间的,统称为钢。钢按照它们的化学成分,即钢中是否含有的化学元素和含有量的大小,可以分为非合金钢、低合金钢和合金钢三大类,这是按照国家标准GB/T13304-1991《钢分类》的规定来分的。非合金钢就是碳素钢,它具有价格低廉、冶炼容易的优点,它的性能可以满足一般工程构件、普通机械零件和工具的使用要求,在工业中广泛应用,其产量和用量占钢总产量的80%以上。
碳钢的分类方式有很多种,最常见的分类方法是以下几种本文来自优)文,论(文'网,
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(1)按钢的含碳量分类
根据钢的碳含量来分类,可将碳钢分为低碳钢,中碳钢和高碳钢三类。低碳钢,顾名思义,是指碳含量很低的钢,低碳钢的碳含量小于0.25%;中碳钢则是指碳含量处于中间值的钢,这一般是指碳含量在0.25-0.6%之间的钢,而高碳钢的碳含量则是大于0.6%。
(2)按钢的质量分类
根据钢的质量高低,即主要根据钢中所含有害杂质硫S和磷P的多少来分,通常分三类,分别是普通质量碳素钢:S、P含量≤0.045%;优质碳素钢:S、P含量比普通质量碳素钢少;高级优质碳素钢:S、P含量≤0.025%。
(3)按钢的用途分类
根据碳钢的用途不同,可分为四大类。
(4)按炼钢时脱氧程度分类
钢铁在炼制的时候会出现脱氧的情况,按炼钢时的脱氧程度,可将碳钢分为四类,第一类是沸腾钢(F),它的特点是在炼钢时脱氧不彻底;二是镇静钢(Z),镇静钢在炼钢时与沸腾钢正好相反,它是脱氧彻底;三是半镇静钢(b),半镇静钢在炼钢时脱氧程度是处于一个中间值的,它的脱氧程度是在沸腾钢和镇静钢之间;四是特殊镇静钢(TZ):它是进行特殊脱氧的钢[1]。
1.2 45号钢
45号钢也叫“油钢”,45钢这个名字是中国GB标准中的叫法。市场所存在的45钢材料多是热轧;冷轧也有,1.0到4.0mm之间是45钢的冷轧的规格。45 钢含碳量为0.45%,所以它是属于中碳钢。它在机械制造中普遍应用,是属于中碳调质结构钢,是可以称得优质中碳结构钢的一种钢。45号钢的主要成分为 Fe,即铁元素,除了含有铁元素,还含有以下少量元素,它们分别所占的比例是C(碳):0.42~0.50%,Si(硒):0.17~0.37%,Mn(锰):0.50~0.80%,P(磷):≤0.035%,S(硫):≤0.035%,Cr(铬):≤0.25%,Ni(镍):≤0.25%,Cu(铜):≤0.25% 。45钢的密度为7.85g/cm3,弹性模量是210GPa,泊松比为0.269[2]。
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