人才流失英文文献及参考文献 第5页
Even in Germany, we have strong and poor regions so that a kind of brain drain can take place. Or do the people leave for an “internal” migration in themselves? They physically stay but their mind is absent. The last point sounds ridiculous, but it is not if you look at the many unemployed persons and the debate about working women in Germany.
Germany still has a high unemployment rate with about 4 million persons unemployed. The number is currently decreasing because of better economic perspectives, but economic renewal is still unstable and can change. Most of the unemployed are not well educated, or educated in a wrong “discipline” or subject — or just unemployed for so long that nobody is willing to invest in their re-education.
In spite of this unemployment, there is already a lack of well-educated personnel in certain sectors. That means that Germany's problem is also one of structural unemployment. And in the long-term perspective, the lack of personnel in the natural sciences, engineers, and in medicine will increase even more. Even economists or political scientists are already missing in some specific fields. This shortage of personnel will increase in the future because Germany is undergoing a severe demographic change at the moment: more people older than 60, fewer children. This is currently detected again by German family policy, especially as it was noted that the more highly educated people in the country are not having children anymore.
And if they do, then at later stages of their life — which contributes again to the demographic change. Demographics always change over time, but this case means a structural shift and therefore family policy tries to react by financing better childcare, via so-called “parent money” (Elterngeld) paid for a limited time to allow maternal or paternal leave but makes people return to their workplace, and so on. Nevertheless, impacts of this policy will also take time. The only baby boom that is expected is the one after the world cup soccer games (these babies are born around March 2007, before this article is published).
Concerning architects who were also mentioned in the New York Times article, currently, there are still enough architects, so this is not yet regarded as a problem, although again – in the long run – they may become a scarce commodity.
Against this background, the official data about migration from 2005 (the latest available) indicate that altogether 628,399 persons left the country, of whom 144,815 were Germans, the other 483,583 were foreigners returning to their home countries. As优/文^论'文.网
http://www.youerw.com fewer and fewer people come to Germany, (in 2005, 707,352 persons altogether, 128,051 Germans, 579,301 from other countries), for the first time in the last few years, the balance is negative (− 78,953). If we look back at 2004, even more people left the country: 546,966, of whom 150,667 were Germans (see also Table 1) but the balance was still positive. All in all, the German population is shrinking, but very differently in the different federal states.
Table 1. Migration to and from Germany
Year Migration to Germany Migration from Germany Sum
All German Foreign All German Foreign All
2000 841 158 191 909 649 249 674 038 111 244 562 794 167 120
2001 879 217 193 958 685 259 606 494 109 507 496 987 272 723
2002 842 543 184 202 658 341 623 255 117 683 505 572 219 288
2003 768 975 167 216 601 759 626 330 127 267 499 063 142 645
2004 780 175 177 993 602 182 697 633 150 667 546 966 82 542
2005 128 051 128 051 579 301 628 399 144 815 483 584 − 78 953
Source: Wanderungsstatistik, Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden, 2006.
This also means that many foreign people live permanently in Germany. For example, in 2000/2001, the percentage of foreigners compared to the indigenous population was the highest in all Europe: in Germany, 7.3 million or 8.9% of the whole population. In France, there were 3.3 million or 5.6% and in the United Kingdom there were 3 million, or 3.9% . This caused many integration problems and will remain problematic if no policy measures are implemented and if – because of the demographic change – even more foreigners are needed and attracted. Until now, Germany was not officially an “immigration country” so immigration policy was not strongly formulated. 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 下一页
人才流失英文文献及参考文献 第5页下载如图片无法显示或论文不完整，请联系qq752018766
