职业经理人英文参考文献及翻译 第4页
3 Occupation Characteristics of Professional Managers
Historical background and development course of professional manager have determined that professional manager’s stratum is an important group of enterprise employees．Its special occupation characteristics are in four aspects．(1)The work of professional manager is the behavior of agency．The professional manager accepts the commission of the enterprise owners as the administrator of enterprise and replaces the owners to operate enterprise．The relations between enterprise owner and professional manager are client and agent．(2)The occupation of professional manager has stronger mobility．Professional manager’s knowledge，management ability and experience are incorporeal capita1．Their mobility has determined that the occupation of professional manager has stronger mobility．In a sense，the professional manager’s market value is realized while professional managers flow among enterprises．(3)The occupation of professional managers has greater risk．Under the condition of
market economy, professional managers must face the pressure from outside rivals of enterprises and also must face the pressure to maximize the owners’ benefit，and have the risk of being dismissed at any moment．Professional managers have to face all risks that enterprises face，such as decision-making risk，financial risk，policy risk，etc．
4 Quality and Ability that Modern Professional Manager Should Possess
Professional manager is responsible for making decisions on operating enterprises．His decisions concern the survival and development of enterprise directly．The fierce market competition asks professional managers to possess quality and ability of the following．
4.1 Moral Quality with Honest and Keeping Promise as Kernel 9+
Moral quality is a primary target of assessing professional manager and it is the foundation for professional manager to survive in the market too．This kind of moral quality includes：The first is the loyalty to the shareholders and enterprise，taking it as one’s management aim to protect enterprise’s benefits，to preserve enterprise’s assets value and to maximize shareholders’ investment value．The second is to dedicate to occupation，namely to fulfill the duty with all endeavors．The third is to keep business secrets of enterprises firmly, including the enterprises that one has ever served and been serving．
4.2 Professional Quality and Complex Knowledge Structure with Excellent Management Ability as Kernel
The professional quality of professional manager includes management ability and techniques of one industry that professional manager engages in．That is to say professional manager should has a long-term strategic development idea，concrete and feasible management method and means．Professional manager should seize the opportunities from the change of domestic and international markets and adjust the strategy and decision in good time．At the same time，it is also原文请找腾讯752018766优.文-论;文.网
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Professional manager also must have complex knowledge structure．The characteristics of the complex knowledge structure are intensive professional knowledge and broad fields of knowledge．Namely, professional manager should have knowledge structure of T shape．The horizontal of T means the broad fields of knowledge．The professional manager’s knowledge can’t be confined to management field．He should master the knowledge of relevant subjects，such as general knowledge of philosophy, natural science and social science，etc．The vertical of T stands for the intensive professional knowledge.
4.3 Integration Quality with Decision-making Ability as Kernel
The professional manager’s quality is comprehensive and his ability is the external manifestation of quality．The first is the ability of making decision．Management is to make decision．Only professional manager possesses outstanding decision-making ability, could he lead enterprises to success．The second is the ability of coordinating．Professional manager must be good at communicating with people，including communicating with superior administrators，colleagues，customers and the relation outside of enterprise．The third is the ability of innovation．It includes technology innovation，organization innovation and system innovation．The fourth is the ability to undertake risk．There are various kinds of uncertainties when professional manager makes decision．Uncertainties mean risks．At the same time，because failure in operating enterprise will make reputation of professional manager damaged and make his human capital devalued，professional manager must face the risk of the human capital depreciated． 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4]
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