关于文化信仰与社会之间构成良性互动的研究 第9页
3.2.2 Reconsideration and Development of Long Mu Faith
The symbolic remains of Long Mu cultural faith have preserved the sacrificial object and ceremony, but the sacrificial object is no longer credited with miraculous powers, worship and dependent significance. Nowadays, there exit two reasons of sacrificing to Long Mu, firstly, it is an expression of identification for ethnic common ancestor; secondly, it is a means of expressing their wonderful wishes, like being well-heeled. In the real world, any man with a little sense would believe that someone being wealthy is caused by their hard work but not the assistance of God clandestinely. Thus, Long Mu became a symbolic figure that is full of people’s thoughts and feelings, and no longer possessed with miraculous powers.
With the development of society, Long Mu sacrificial activity has trended toward being secularized, and demonstrated a clear decrease in its mystery, factors and atmosphere of superstition, a change from reward God to self-consolation. Long Mu sacrificial activity has became a local colorful form of entertainment, a local distinctive folk-custom and a dynamic cultural resource.
During the new historic period, many old customs would be abandoned as many new customs would be formed, especially in a changing and revolutionary era. The features of social class structure and its change have had great effect on people, whose attitudes become different in social rights and obligations. As time passed, new customs would be formed.
However, the new formation won't be roses all the way, it always have swayed back and forth throughout history with the old custom, which is because that people’s thoughts, beliefs follow a frequent and fluctuant course in the real life. And once the old custom is firmly established, it can lastingly control each member of different social classes' thought and behavior inevitably and it can not be easy to abandon for us in a short while. So the old custom would revive at the right time. Therefore, the replacement process follows a tortuous course for quite some time. We are in the process of our modernization drive ages that new customs is replacing the olds, and we are not sure when the long replacement process will end.
A western philosopher once observed, “If people can master their fate by some rules, or usually feel the positive power sent out by their fate, they will never believe in superstition. However, people always entangle in the ineffectual rules, and in most cases, even though they ceaselessly seek the positive power of fate, in real terms they know that would actually be impractical. People have painfully swayed back and forth between hope and fear. As a result, they often show a tendency to believe in certain faith casually.” Life is filled with hidden uncertainties and risk, there is no an absolute criterion to let people follow. People have to find the foundation of survival and development, the ultimate implications of life and the origin of faith from specific facts of life for contending against these hidden uncertainties and risk. In this sense, it is can completely be comprehensive and acceptable that people retain a strong flavor of Long Mu cultural faith in modern times.
4 Conclusion
Folk faith is a kind of complicated social belief system. Folk faith has been considered as ignorant and backward feudalistic superstition in modern society and has been criticized and even forbidden for a long time. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Chinese Communist Party have decided to resume the correct policies of religion, therefore all kinds of religious sites and activities are being resumed, correspondingly, folk faith have had the upsurge of revival and have deeply exerted influence on social economy, politics, culture and organization structure, and production, living and spiritual conditions.
Human behaviors is embodied his ideology of folk faith. People are always looking for the connection mode with this world, and have to constantly reform the world in order to fit in with their surroundings in their own way, just for one reason, they are the only creatures that can think. And then they have created and developed their brilliant and distinctive culture during a long history of continuous exchanges and contacts with other ethnic groups, all of whom have assimilated and promoted each other's cultures. However, they can not completely accord with each other for their natural rebellious character, at the same time, such has forged our dynamic and colorful world featuring the exchange and mutual reference of different types of civilizations.
Cultural dissimilarity brings diversity to cultural features. The local people always base their opinions on their self-identity modes; Long Mu cultural faith also demonstrates the distinctive cultural features of South China. From what has been discussed above, the author may safely draw the conclusion as followings:
Firstly, the existence of worship of ancestors and gods is based on people’s psychological needs that god’s function could just satisfy. Different social and cultural backgrounds, economic development statuses, stages of social development, etc. could exert an influence on changes of god’s function to a certain extent.
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