3.1.2 Synonymy, Antonym, Hyponymy
Synonymy is one of the characteristic features of the vocabulary of natural languages. English as a highly developed language is known for its copious stock of synonyms. Synonyms can be defined as words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or 本文来~自!优@文#论$文%网^原&文*请!找%腾讯324'9114 . For instance, if we know the basic words like big, great, we should memorize other words further such as large, huge, vast, immense, enormous, tremendous, and gigantic. We also can associate the word hurt with other words like trauma, injure, harm, wound, damage, and destroy.
Here I have to mention one point that is there are no absolute synonyms as for their specific meaning and usage, we had better pay special attention in the process of words memorizing.
Antonym deals with semantic opposition. Antonyms can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning. When we memorize the word optimistic, we can associate it with pessimistic, the same as maximum-minimum, beautiful-ugly, free-enslaved, positive-negative, transparent-opaque rebellious-submissive, uniform-various, savage-civilized.
Just as important as the general relationship of oppositeness between words is the relationship of inclusion which is called hyponymy i.e. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word (Lyons 1977.Jackon1988) For instance, tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower; lion and elephant are hyponyms of animal; cabbage, egg-plant, carrot are hyponyms of vegetable. Violin, harp, guitar, trumpet, flute, oboe, drum, bugle, piano, accordion are hyponyms of musical instruments.
3.1.3 Doing Exercise
This is another way of memorizing words. It seems that it needs more time to accumulate English words; however, once you have learnt a word with both of ways, you will remember it firmly, you not only know the meaning of the word, but also know its usage through contexts. Sometimes, you can guess the new word from a certain context.
For example, unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person. From this sentence, we can try to guess the word gregarious instead of using a dictionary, which saves our time and energy. It means that someone is good at socializing with others .Another example, similarly, consumers operating under a given mood state tend to react stimuli in a direction ( ) with that mood. Here are three choices of this blank; A resistant B insistent C consistent. It is no doubt that C is the best answer. Because consistent matches with and resistant matches to, insistent matches on. By doing much exercise, we will learn more words and their usage.
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