铁钼氧化物催化剂氧化法甲醛生产是在甲醛-空气的爆炸下限以外操作,该反应是在常压和250~400℃下进行,其主要反应是氧化、脱氢反应,反应方程式 如下:
CH3OH + 1/2O2 → HCHO + H2O (3.1)
CH3OH + O2→ CO + H2O (3.2)
CH3OH + O2 → HCOOH + H2O (3.3)
CH3OH + 3/2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O (3.4)
CH3OH → HCHO + H2 (3.5)
CH3OH + H2 → CH4 + H2O (3.6)
1)产品产量及其组成:根据计算条件,得:60000 / 8000=7.5 (t) = 7500 (kg)
产品中甲醛的含量:W 6HCHO = 7500× 55% = 4125 kg N 6HCHO = 137.4 mol
产品中甲醇的含量:W 6CH3OH = 7500 × 0.5% = 37.5 kg N 6CH3OH = 1.17 mol
产品中甲酸的含量:W 6HC00H = 7500 × 0.04% = 3 kg N 6HC00H = 0.0652 mol
产品中水的含量:W 6H2O = 7500 × 44.46% = 3334.5 kg N 6H2O = 185.15 mol
总摩尔数: N = 137.4 + 1.17 + 0.0652 + 185.15 = 323.78 (kmol)
2)甲醇投入量
甲醇投入量: W 1CH3OH = 7500 × 0.427 = 3202.5 (kg) N 1CH3OH = 99.95 (kmol)
3)空气消耗量
根据氧醇比δ求得:V2空气 = (0.38 × 100 × 22.4) / 21% = 4053.33 (m3)
N 2空气 = 180.95 (kmol)
空气中氧气的含量: N2O2 = 180.95 × 21% = 38.00 (kmol) W2O2=1215.62 (kg)
空气中氮气的含量: N2N2=180.95×77.16%=139.62(kmol) W2N2=3910.76 (kg)
空气中水汽的含量: N2H2O=180.95× 1.84% = 3.33 (kmol) W 2H2O = 59.97 (kg)
4)尾气排放量
尾气总排放量: N 10 = (181 × 77.16% ) / 74.4% = 187.71 (kmol)
二氧化碳排放量: N10CO2 =187.71 × 3.6% = 6.76 (kmol) W 10CO2 = 297.5 (kg)
一氧化碳排放量: N10CO= 187.71 × 0.4% = 0.75 (kmol) W 10CO = 21.00 (kg)
甲烷排放量: N10CH4=187.71 × 0.2% = 0.38 (kmol) W 10CH4 = 6.10 (kg)
氧气排放量: N10O2 = 187.71 × 0.2% = 0.38 (kmol) W 10O2 = 12.16 (kg)
氢气排放量: N10H2= 187.71 × 19% = 35.66 (kmol) W 10H2 = 71.89 (kg)
水气排放量: N 10H2O = 187.71 × 2% = 3.75 (kmol) W 10H2O = 67.54 (kg)
甲醛排放量: N10HCHO=187.71×0.05%=0.094(kmol) W 10HCHO = 2.82 (kg)
甲醇排放量: N10CH3OH=187.71×0.15%=0.28(kmol) W 10CH3OH = 8.97 (kg)
氮气排放量: N10N2=187.71×74.4%= 139.66 (kmol) W10N2 = 3911.88 (kg)
(3)物料衡算校核
1)甲醛量
根据氧的核算,计算出按反应式(3.1)生成的甲醛量:
N D1HCHO = [38.00 - (6.76 × 1.5 + 0.75 + 0.38 + 0.0652)] × 2
= 53.33 (kmol)
根据尾气中H2的量,并结合反应式(3.6),计算按反应式(3.2)生成的甲醛量:
N D2HCHO = 35.66 + 0.38 = 36.04 (kmol)
甲醛总生成量为:N DHCHO = 53.33 + 36.04 = 89.37 (kmol)
尾气带出的甲醛量为:N 10HCHO = 0.094 (kmol)
实际甲醛产量:N 7HCHO = 89.73 – 0.094 = 89.28 (kmol)
折算成55%HCHO水溶液:W 55%HCHO = 89.28 × 30.0258 / 55% = 4874.01 (kg)
设计要求为7500kg,产品产量与设计要求基本相符。
2)甲醇量
根据氧的衡算:
反应式(3.1) 消耗甲醇 N D1CH3OH=53.33 kmol 甲醇铁钼催化法制甲醛的工艺设计(8):http://www.youerw.com/cailiao/lunwen_2443.html