摘要经溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥和高温炭化过程制备的掺杂金属离子的炭气凝胶是一种新型的轻质纳米多孔材料，具有许多优异的性能和广阔的应用背景。本论文通过溶胶-凝胶法制作载镍炭气凝胶，并使用BET和Langmuir等方法测试该材料的比表面积和孔径、孔体积等微观性能结构，判断载金属含量对于其微观结构的改变和用于石油脱硫的性能的改变，以寻求最佳的配比方案和制作条件。
关键词： 载镍炭气凝胶；比表面积；孔径；脱硫Abstract 7363
The carbon aerogels doped with metal ions were produced by the process of sol – gel, supercritical drying and high-temperature carbonization, which were considered to be a new kind of material. It is a nano-porous material and very lightweight, besides, it also has many outstanding properties and broad applications in the future. This thesis will introduce the nickel-containing carbon aerogels produced by sol – gel method. Besides, the BET and Langmuir methods will be used for measuring the specific surface area, aperture, pore volume, and other microstructures of the material in order to find out the relationship between microstructure changes and the contents of containing metals, based on the experimental data. In addition, how the performance of petroleum desulphurization will be changed by using the material is analyzed. The ultimate goal is to find out the best proportion of experimental materials and production conditions.
KeyWords： Nickel-containing carbon aerogels; Specific surface area; Aperture; Desulfurization
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 选题的背景与意义 1
1.2 研究的内容和目标 1
1.3 炭气凝胶 1
1.3.1 气凝胶 2
1.3.2 炭气凝胶的性能和应用 2
1.3.3 炭气凝胶的制备 2
1.4 炭气凝胶的负载或掺杂 3
1.4.1 种类 3
1.4.2 制备方法 4
1.4.3 发展前景 5
1.5 脱硫性能 5
1.5.1 石油中的含硫物质 6
1.5.2 含硫化合物的危害及其对环境造成的影响 7
1.5.3 石油脱硫的技术现状 8
2 实验内容 10
2.1 实验仪器及药品 10
2.2 实验方法 11
2.2.1 凝胶的制备 11
2.2.2 凝胶的老化 12
2.2.3 溶剂置换 13
2.2.4 超临界干燥 13
2.2.5 炭气凝胶的制备 13
3 结果与分析 14
3.1 比表面积对比分析 14
3.2 孔体积（孔容孔隙）对比分析 16
3.3 孔径对比分析 17
3.4 等温线对比分析 19
3.5 XRD谱 19
4 结论 21
1 绪论
1.1 选题的背景与意义
总体来讲，我国在炭气凝胶的性能和制备过程上的已经取得较好的研究成果，但炭气凝胶载金属镍催化剂在获得广泛应用之前还有诸多缺点需要克服：
1）采用成本较高和危险性较大的超临界干燥工艺，否则比表面积会有明显的下降；又或者制备工艺过于复杂，生产成本都过高，不适于产业化生产，仍需进一步改进炭气凝胶的制备方法； 炭气凝胶载金属镍催化制备及脱硫性能研究:http://www.youerw.com/cailiao/lunwen_5288.html