As  a complementary point of view,  it is possible to  find studies where  older people demand mobile services compatible with the modern image of the ‘active senior’: people who remain capable of managing their affairs and pursuing an independent life long after retirement from working life.。 Instead, seniors are interested in services that promote their physical and mental well-being, thus providing opportunities for a longer and healthier independent life (Oksman,  2006).。  Kurniawan  (2008)  suggests  that  mobile  phone design for older persons is not necessarily limited to or centered around  old-style,  out-of-date  models  supporting  only very  basic calling functions.。 

   Table  2  summarizes the  needs  and  expectations  found  in the bibliography analyzed in the present section.。 Table 1 relates them to the quality of life components nominated by elderly people.。

   Specific barriers: It is impossible to forget that the mobile phone is a relatively recent development.。 For people who have organized their  lives without  the  mobile phone, the adoption of the device often  involves a  readjustment of well-established  routines (Ling, 2008).。 It is also necessary to consider memory decline (or in general, cognitive decline), which causes problems for older persons in using and learning to use mobile phones (Kurniawan, 2007), and the  limitations  of  mobility,  visual  and  hearing  impairments  and high disease susceptibility, especially for chronic diseases (Gaßner and Conrad, 2010).。

   Thus, the need for support is an important motivating factor for mobile phone acceptance according to Conci (2007), and the design of mobile phone terminals should be improved to be fully accessible for  older  people  (Goodman  et  al.。,  2004).。 Kurniawan  (2007)  conducted a study seeking to identify problems older people (aged 60 years and over) may experience when using mobile phone technology.。 The results from the study identified the following problems.。

   1.。 Buttons: Some are too small, rubbery, do not click when pressed 

and therefore provide no feedback regarding whether the associated number had been dialed.。

   2.。 Menus:Too many, and most of them are unnecessary and difficult to understand and recall.。

   3.。 Devices: Too small to hold comfortably.。 

   4.。 Text size: Too small to read even with corrective lenses.。

   In general, the desired features can be classified into the following categories (Kurniawan, 2008).。

   1.。 Memory     aids:  These    include   appointment       reminders,  alarm, address book, diary, and caller ID.。 Another set of features is not strictly memory aids but would help older persons with reduced cognition.。 These include a personalized interface that only displays a limited number of essential menus and a design that is easy to learn and navigate.。

   2.。  Visual  aids: These  include  stronger  backlight,  larger  text,  bold color, and differently shaped, colored or located keys for important functions.。

   3.。  Haptic aids:These include rubber grips, easy-to-hold phones, big buttons, and antenna (easy to pick-up).。

   4.。  Features  to  minimize  user  error: These features are  related  to the  fear  of  consequences  of  unintended  actions   and   include mechanisms to prevent accidental dialing, alert the user when the  battery  is  almost  empty,  and  provide  feedback  indicating whether a call has gone through or a button has been pressed.。  老龄化社会中手机的应用现状英文文献和中文翻译(5):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_51866.html