Third, the lighting and lighting technology
1. Natural light. Natural light not only to meet the lighting and reduce energy consumption, more importantly, to meet people on natural light, space sense of direction, alternating day and other natural psychological perception of information requirements, so as to reduce or eliminate depression and personnel panic. compared to Artificial lighting, natural lighting has many advantages. The main methods of natural light lighting method of passive and active lighting method categories. passive lighting lighting method depends on the type of window, side windows and sunroof can be summarized as . side and high side light method is mainly used for semi-basement space, stepped on the slopes of underground structure, backfill and the side wall of the cave architecture lighting and side lighting and other shaft. skylight lighting, also known as the top light is to the top of the room or hall windows, natural light into the room. the famous Montreal "underground city", and so extensive underground city Kobe, Japan, the application of this technology. active solar lighting systems need to be proactive method of natural light through the conduit, channel, etc. delivered to the underground space. principle is calculated according to the season and the time position of the sun changes, the use of sets of light, mass and supporting devices such as light and astigmatism control system will be sent to the need for natural light, lighting pArts.

2. Artificial lighting. Even if the natural lighting has many advantages, but it is difficult to fully utilize the underground space of natural light to meet the lighting needs of the various parts of ground. So to make use of technology to supplement the artificial lighting. In the use of artificial illumination lighting technology must be considered , uniformity, color, suitability and other factors, and strive to meet the human visual characteristics to create a lighting environment.
 世界人口迅速增长的趋势将会在未来显著影响人类的居住方式和居住环境。随着世界人口的增长以及越来越多的国家需要更高水平的居住条件，要解决这个难题由三个大的方面组成：农业用地的有效利用；全球城市化人口的增长；对保护和改善环境的重视，特别是对全球变暖和人口增长的关注。正如本章节描述的那样，地下空间的利用会为解决这些难题提供帮助。
   通过将特定功能的设施埋于地下，城市的地上空间会得到有效地利用，这样可以达到为农业和城市生活提供空间的目的。同样的，在有坡度的山坡上使用有遮蔽的房子也能达到节约空间的目的。合理地使用地下空间同样可以使人类在人口密集的地区改善居住条件得到提高和改善。
 从一个城市当地的水平来说，地下设施的利用正日益满足当今改善环境的需要。例如城市和农村都需要发展交通运输，功用以及娱乐服务。世界上许多城市的交通拥堵问题已经处在一个饱受批评的处境，并且很难去增加新的基础设施而不引起地上环境的恶化或者对现有的或周边的建筑进行再定位 土木工程地下空间的利用英文文献和翻译(5):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_5504.html