Seismic design should quantitatively evaluate and control the risk of earthquake-induced collapse that a building structure may
experience during its design service life. This requires taking into consideration both  the collapse resistant capacity of the
building and the earthquake ground motion demand. The fundamental concept of uniform-risk-targeted seismic design and its
relevant assessment process are presented in this paper. The risks of earthquake-induced collapse for buildings located in three
seismic regions with the same prescribed seismic fortification intensity but different actual seismic hazards are analyzed to il-
lustrate the engineering significance of uniform-risk-targeted seismic design. The results show that with China’s current seis-
mic design method, the risk of earthquake-induced collapse of buildings varies greatly from site to site. Additional research is
needed to further develop and implement the uniform-risk-targeted seismic design approach proposed in this paper.8869
1  Introduction
Investigations on earthquake damage show that the collapse
of building structures is the primary source of casualties and
property losses during and after a severe earthquake.
Therefore, ensuring the collapse safety of building struc-
tures is a critical objective of earthquake engineering [1, 2].
In recent years, collapse fragility analysis (CFA) [3–5]
based on incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) [6] has been
widely used due to its excellent capacity in quantitatively
evaluating resistance to earthquake-induced collapse. Thr-  
ough combining the results of a collapse fragility analysis
with information on the seismic hazard of the site where the
building is located, the risk of earthquake-induced collapse
of the investigated building during its entire design service
life can be quantitatively evaluated and controlled. This is
the fundamental concept of uniform-risk-targeted seismic
design [7, 8]. The risk of  earthquake-induced collapse is
measured by the total probability that the building may col-
lapse due to earthquakes in  Y years (e.g., 50 years). The
objective of uniform-risk-targeted seismic design is to en-
sure that all buildings throughout a nation should have a
uniform acceptable level of risk of earthquake-induced col-
lapse, although they may be located in different seismic
regions with different seismic hazards.
Seismic design of building structures in China is per-
formed according to the seismic zonation map of China. As
a simplified expression of the seismic hazard, the seismic
zonation map identifies the seismic fortification intensity
for each seismic region as well as the corresponding ground
motion values for design purposes. The current Chinese
seismic zonation map is defined on the basis of earthquakes
with a 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years (re-
ferred to as the fortification-level earthquake) [9, 10], while
the collapse-prevention-level ground motion values are ex-
trapolated from the fortification-level values [9, 10]. Alt-
hough current Chinese seismic design based on the fortifi-
cation-level earthquake already takes into account the safety
requirements to prevent the earthquake-induced collapse, it
sometimes fails to comprehensively account for the varia-
tion in seismic hazard due to the complex nature of earth-
quake mechanisms. Specifically, it is likely that in some
regions, the extrapolated collapse-prevention-level ground
motion values cannot satisfy the exceedance probability of
2% in 50 years as required in the Chinese Code for Seismic
Design of Buildings [9]. Consequently, buildings in some
regions that are designed in accordance with the code [9]
may have a high risk of earthquake-induced collapse. Fur- 建筑抗震评价方法英文文献和中文翻译:http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_7390.html