Fig。 3。 Google Earth Image Shows the Southern Gulf Sector (S1) and the Gulf Sector (S2) and the Proposed Jetty
The southern gulf sector (S1) is characterized by a mound with a height of 3 to 5 meters of coral fossils and rocks and tends towards the sea。 This mound has cracks that extend in the direction of the sea and appear in the coral reef。 These cracks need to be considered in the marine construction works as weak points that need special treatment。
The Gulf sector (S2) is a flat area that is characterized by the presence of Alchwry plants along the coastline where the coast becomes indispensable with soft sand。 It starts after the Gulf Coast, which is characterized by fine sand due to the existence of the outlet of an ephemeral stream。 This stream is surrounded by up to five meters of limestone on both sides, which descends sharply towards the sea。
The marine environment region that followed by the tidal flat is composed of the rock which extends in the direction of the sea。 It has a varying thickness of 30 to 50 cm that decline to 20 to 40 cm close to the tidal flat。 This allows seaweed, i。e。 Sea grass, to grow in a form of distant clusters。 Back reef varies in width between 50 to 950 meters for up to a maximum depth of the water of 2。0 m in the highest tidal range (Boulos, 1995)。 This region is suitable for swimming, ping, and water sports。 It is followed by a slope of coral reef, which is relatively descended to a depth of 20 meters。 The last part comprises a region of a group of coral reefs with a depth of 3 to 5 meters with sand bottom that extends to long distances and leads to the open waters。
The means used:
•A map indicating the sectors area locations
•A longitudinal strips perpendicular to the coast until the end of the reef in order to monitor the changes of the seabed topography as well as environments and objects that are within the scope of the study area。
•Use many of the scientific literature to identify the plants and animals that were detected over the study area (Boulos, 1995)。
2。2。1。1South Gulf Sector (S1)
This sector extends around 1450 meters and is characterized
by a relatively narrow reef and its width varies between 50 to 150 meters。 Back reef can be pided into three parts: the first part is covered by rock to a depth of 160 cm。 After this area, the shallow area of the brown algae has a depth of about 50 cm。 The latter zone was characterized by a good cover of coral reefs (50%) to a depth of 20 meters (Figs。 4 and 5)。
And this region has been covered through working three cross- sections as shown in Fig。 6。
Fig。 4。 Different Environments in the Sector S1
Fig。 5。 Percentage of Live Coral to Dead in the Sector S1
Fig。 6。 Transverse Cross-sections at Sectors S1 and S2
Fig。 7。 Transverse Cross-sections that have been Studied Explain- ing the Sector Width and Depth
•Cross-section: (S1T1) coral reef extends in this sector to about 50 meters from the shore line to deep water and consists of a solid surface which is covered with algae and then coral descended to a depth about 6-9 meters。
•Cross-section: (S1T2) reef extends in this sector to 110 m from the coastline and this region is characterized by the existence of a solid surface which is covered with brown algae and some grooves and cracks that extend over the surface of the reef。
•Cross-section : (S1T3) reef extends in this sector to 150 meters from the shore line, where brown algae sprit on rocky bottom and extends to the beginning of the slope, which is charac- terized by coral crater pit sizes and cracks are sheltered by a high persity of marine organisms, particularly coral (Ghazanfar, 1991)。
Figure 8 appears a mound which height reach from 3 to 5 meters around the beach in the southern sector (S1), where the coastline is composed of coarse sand as well as some scattered 海洋结构物的环境影响评估英文文献和中文翻译(3):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_91682.html