摘要本文采用共沉淀法制备Cr元素掺杂磁赤铁矿催化剂。对所得催化剂进行XRD表征,计算分析所得晶体的各项参数,发现随着Cr元素掺杂量的增加,催化剂的衍射角向高角度偏移,晶面间距和点阵参数都逐渐减小。再对催化剂进行H2还原后,晶体结构的点阵参数明显增加,这些数据说明Cr元素很好地掺杂进晶体结构之中。通过对催化剂进行NH3-SCR活性评价,发现Cr元素的掺杂会抑制低温段SCR活性,提高中高温段SCR活性,促进反应向生成N2O的方向进行。同时,Cr元素的掺杂显著影响了NO和NH3的氧化能力,提高了N2O的选择性,降低了N2的选择性。27170
关键词 催化剂制备,晶体结构,磁赤铁矿,SCR活性
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Effects of Cr doping on maghemite for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Abstract
A series of catalyst samples of maghemite doped with Cr were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns were carried out to calculate the parameters. It showed that the diffraction angle added up with the increase of doping amount. While the interplanar crystal spacing and lattice parameter decreased on the contrary. Then, the lattice parameter increased after hydrogenize reduction on maghemite. These results showed that Cr cation incorporated into maghmite completely. The study showed that the SCR activity was inhibited at low-temperature section when Cr cation doped into maghmite, while it was promoted at higher temperature. It was found the oxidation capacity of NH3 and NOx increased resulted from the doping of Cr cation. Meanwhile, the selectivity of N2O was promoted and the selectivity of N2 was restrained when the maghmite was doped with Cr cation.
Keywords catalysts preparation, crystal structure, maghemite, SCR activity
目 次
1 绪论 2
1.1 NOx的来源 2
1.2 NOx的排放控制 2
1.3 SCR技术 3
1.4 催化剂制备方法 3
1.5 铁基尖晶石的改性 4
1.6 研究目的及意义 6
2 实验 6
2.1 实验材料 6
2.2 催化剂制备 8
2.3 表征实验 10
3 XRD结构分析 11
3.1 晶系判断 12
3.2 晶面间距的计算 13
3.3 粒径大小的计算 14
3.4 点阵参数的计算 15
4 活性评价 16
4.1 SCR反应能力 16
4.2 NO的单独氧化 18
4.3 NH3的单独氧化 18
结 论 20
致 谢 21
参考文献22
1 绪论
众所周知,NOx是重要的大气污染物,不仅会导致酸雨,雾霾,臭氧层破坏等一系列环境问题,同时也会危害人体健康[1]。随着经济持续快速的发展,我国的能源消耗不断增加,NOx的排放总量也是长期居高不下。近年来,人们逐渐意识到NOx的危害,并相应的改进脱硝技术,采取有效措施来抑制NOx的排放[2]。
NOx主要包含NO,N2O,NO2,N2O4等化合物[3],大气中的NOx主要是以NO2和NO的形式存在并以NO2为主,其余气体由于含量太少而忽略不计。
1.1 NOx的来源
大气中存在的NOx主要有两个来源:一是自然来源,环境本身就会产生一定量的NOx,它是在固氮菌、雷电等自然过程当中产生的。这类NOx的排放在区域和时间分布上比较均匀,其排放量未超过环境的自净能力,生态系统可以文持氮的动态平衡。二是由人类活动引起的NOx排放,这一部分的NOx大多集中在城市和工业区这些人口密集的区域[4]。NOx难以扩散,会造成局部区域内污染物的富集,对人类和环境产生严重的危害。 铬(Cr)掺杂对磁赤铁矿(γ-Fe2O3)NH3-SCR反应性能的影响:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_21591.html