摘要本文主要研究稀土氧化物对硼粉燃烧性能的影响。以硼粉为内核,氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)为包覆剂,分别采用物理法和化学法对硼粉进行包覆。物理法即球磨法,取硼粉及对应摩尔比的稀土氧化物于玛瑙球磨罐中球磨。化学法即化学沉淀法,将硼粉分散在对应氧化物的硝酸盐溶液中,保持温度75℃,用氨水调节pH为8,反应2h,然后过滤干燥,于管式炉中煅烧6h。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制得的样品进行表征。SEM结果显示,球磨法制备的氧化钕对硼的包覆效果较好。XRD结果显示,球磨法制备的样品的衍射峰与相应的稀土氧化物标准卡片的晶面衍射峰吻合,但化学沉淀法制备的样品则有不同程度的烧结,形成类似YBO3的烧结产物。燃烧性能测试结果则表明,氧化钇对硼燃烧速率和燃烧温度的提高最为明显,质量燃速提高了56.6%,高度燃速提高了51.5%,最高温度达1498.0℃。27320
关键词 包覆 硼 稀土氧化物 制备
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Nano rare earth oxide on the properties of boron powder burning impact study
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of rare earth oxides on the combustion properties of boron powder. Boron powder as the core, cerium oxide (CeO2), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), samarium oxide (Sm2O3) as the coating agent, the physical method and chemical method were used respectively to coated boron powder. Physical method is milling method, taking the molar ratio of boron powder and the corresponding rare earth oxide milling in agate mill pot. Chemical method is chemical precipitation, the boron powder was dispersed in a nitrate solution of the corresponding oxide, maintained the temperature of 75 ℃, the pH was adjusted to 8 with aqueous ammonia, the reaction for 2 hours, then filtered and dried, calcined in a tube furnace in 6 hours.Used scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer for characterization of samples. SEM results showed that the effect of neodymium oxide prepared by ball milling on the coated boron was good. XRD results show that diffraction peak of samples prepared by ball milling coincided crystal face diffraction peak of the corresponding rare earth oxide standard card, but samples were prepared by chemical precipitation,there are different degrees of sintering. Combustion performance test results indicates that yttrium oxide of boron burning rate and combustion temperature increase was most evident, mass burning rate increased by 56.6%, high burning rate increased by 51.5%, the highest temperature was 1498.0 ℃.
Keywords Coated Boron Nano rare earth oxide Preparation
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 硼粉的表面包覆 1
1.3 研究进展 2
1.4 本文研究内容 5
2 实验部分 7
2.1 硼元素的特性 7
2.2 稀土氧化物 7
2.3 实验原理 8
2.4 仪器和药品 8
2.5 实验方法 9
2.6 实验步骤 10
2.7 结果和讨论 11
3 燃烧性能测试 16
3.1 制备与检测 16
3.2 结果与分析 18
结 论 20
致 谢 21
参考文献 22
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景
固体燃料冲压发动机的发展,有力推进了富燃料推进剂的研究。作为一种燃烧剂,硼具有较高的燃烧热(58.7 MJ/kg)和体积热值,是最有潜力的富燃料固体推进剂的燃料之一。常规的固体推进剂的热值大约为8~12 MJ/kg,其理论比冲约为2700 N•S/kg;含铝中能富燃料推进剂全部燃烧放出的热值大约为19~22 MJ/kg,其比冲约为5000~8000 N•S/kg;而高能含硼富燃料推进剂全部燃烧释放出来的热值可达30~34 MJ/kg,硼是目前为止唯一能使固体冲压发动机比冲达到10 KN•S/kg[1]以上的推进燃料,它的比冲是含铝富燃料推进剂的1.6~1.8倍,其体积比冲是目前所有推进剂中最高的。因此,含硼富燃料固体推进剂是固体燃料冲压发动机的最理想的能源,最有希望应用于中程空空导弹。在理论上,虽然硼具有明显的能量特性,但是硼的熔点及沸点都非常的高,均大于2000 ℃,难熔化和气化,因此硼粉的点火燃烧尤为困难。硼粉燃烧时在其表面形成的氧化层(B2O3)熔点较低、沸点较高,使得在实际应用中仍然存在着一系列的问题,如硼粉的点火性能差、燃烧效率低以及制药工艺困难等。只有硼粉达到足够高的温度,使其表面的氧化层熔化并蒸发,让纯净的硼颗粒与氧化性气体充分接触反应,才能使硼点火并充分燃烧。但由于这一高温难以实现,所以降低了硼粉的燃烧效率并且限制了其潜在高热值的发挥[2],存在于硼粉表面的氧化硼、H3BO3等杂质,也降低了硼与推进剂体系相容性。 纳米稀土氧化物对硼粉燃烧性能的影响研究:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_21785.html