普通油料挥发性研究+文献综述

摘要石油炼制产品中的轻质油料及其衍生的低分子量有机单组份物质，常温下挥发性大，易引发燃爆事故。掌握这些物质的挥发规律，对这类物质的安全储存、安全使用具有指导意义。本论文以典型多组分油料93#汽油、RP-3煤油和工业乙醇为研究对象，采用雷德法实验系统，或静态法液体饱和蒸汽压测量系统，实验研究它们的挥发性与环境温度之间的关系。研究结果表明，工业酒精的饱和蒸汽压随着温度的增加而增加，常温下液面上方的酒精体积浓度在其爆炸极限范围内，常温常压下保存和使用存在引发燃爆事故的隐患。93#汽油、RP-3煤油两种油料的饱和蒸汽压也都随着温度的增加而增加，其中汽油常温常压下保存和使用，存在引发燃爆事故的隐患。另外，雷德法油料饱和蒸汽压测量，必须严格按操作规程测试，否则，很易出现较大的测量误差。5936
关键词：挥发性，汽油，工业酒精，RP-3煤油，饱和蒸汽压，雷德法，静态法
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title    Ordinary oil volatile
Abstract
Light oil and its derivatives of low molecular weight organic one-component material in the oil refining products can easily lead to a blasting accident because of its higher volatility at room temperature.It is of guiding significance to master these volatile substances law for the safe storage and use of of such substances. In this paper, we study the 93 # gasoline , RP-3 kerosene and industrial alcohol, with Reid Method or Liquid saturated vapor pressure measurement system, to get the relationship between the volatility and the temperature.The results of our study indicate that the saturated vapor pressure of Industrial alcohol increases as the temperature goes up. As the volume concentration of alcohol is within the explosion limitation at room temperature, it is very dangerous to storage or use alcohol at room temperature. Despite of the Industrial alcohol, the saturated vapor pressures of 93 # gasoline and The RP-3 kerosene also increase as the temperature goes up. We also need to pay attention to the storage and use of gasoline at the ambient temperature and pressure because it is easy to cause explosive. When we use Reid Method to measure the saturated vapor pressure of oil, we must comply strictly with the specifications of the practices in order to get more accurate data.
Keywords： volatile gasoline industrial alcohol RP-3 kerosene saturated vapor pressure Reid method static method.
目录
1 前言   1
1.1研究意义   1
1.2国内外关于挥发性的研究动态   2
1.3 本文拟开展的研究内容   4
2 可燃液体的挥发性及其测试方法   5
2.1饱和蒸汽压   5
2.2饱和蒸汽压的一般测试方法   5
3 工业乙醇的挥发性实验研究   7
3.1 试样   7
3.2实验装置   8
3.3 实验条件   8
3.4 实验步骤   9
3.5实验结果及处理   10
4 多组分轻油挥发性的实验研究   11
4.1实验样品   11
4.2 测试方法   11
4.3 仪器与设备   12
4.4 实验步骤   14
4.5实验结果与讨论   16
结论   20
致谢   21
参考文献   22
1 前言
1.1研究意义
     鉴于石油产品的易燃易爆性和在国民经济中的重要地位，一旦发生燃爆事故，既会造成恶劣社会的影响，同时有会在经济上造成损失，预防石油产品发生事故，一直是石化行业关注的重点之一。石油产品，特别是沸点较低如汽油、柴油等轻质油料，由于它们易挥发，当其蒸汽在空气中的含量达到爆炸极限范围时，稍有火源就会引发爆炸。而轻质油料的挥发强弱，与温度有关。因此掌握油料挥发量与温度之间的关系，就能掌握油料在不同温度时可能达到的最大体积浓度，这对这类爆炸事故的预防工作有很强的指导意义。普通油料挥发性研究+文献综述:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_3046.html