摘要：金属氧化物作为超级电容器电极材料是目前研究的热点，本课题采用水热法，以硝酸钴、硝酸镍为原料，以 NH4F为结构导向剂，在水醇混合溶剂体系中制备出钴酸镍复合氧化物，着重考察了各种工艺参数的变化对产物形貌结构的影响，利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等测试手段对钴酸镍的形貌和结构进行了分析，并探讨了其作为电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明：水热反应中溶剂对产物形貌有影响，水醇体积比的变化使得水热反应中的压强发生变化，从而能够获得不同形貌结构的钴酸镍产物；同时产物形貌随着氟化铵含量的不同而随之发生变化，当水醇体积比为 1:3时，氟化铵与金属总离子摩尔比是 2.5:1时，获得尺寸大约2μm左右的中空鸟巢状的形貌，水热产物经过 400℃以上热处理后转变成 NiCo2O4相，在电流密度为1A/g时的比电容为 419F/g。 35887
毕业论文关键词：水热法；钴酸镍；形貌  
Influence of the Parameters of Hydrothermal Synthesis on Morphology of Cobalt Nickel Oxides
Abstract: Metal oxides known as excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors have attracted many interests. NiCo2O4 was synthesized with hydrothermal method under water and alcohol mixed solvent systems using nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate as raw material, NH4F as guide agent. The paper emphatically investigates the influence of parameters of hydrothermal synthesis on morphology of products and analyzes the micro-structures and morphologies of the electrode materials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The results show that solvent has a great influence on the product in hydrothermal reaction. Change of water alcohol volume ratio gives rise to change of intensity of pressure so that we can get different morphology NiCo2O4 products. Meanwhile morphology of products is changed with different content of ammonium fluoride. When proportion of water and alcohol is controlled at 1:3, proportion of ammonium fluoride and the total metal ions is controlled at 2.5:1, the morphology of NiCo2O4 products is like nest and size is about 2μm. NiCo2O4 phase is achieved after heat treatment 400℃  above. The specific capacitance of 419F/g is obtained in the current density of 1A/g.
Keyword：  hydrothermal method;    nickel cobaltite;    morphology
目录
1绪论.1
1.1引言1
1.2超级电容器的分类及工作原理.2
1.2.1按储存电荷的机理分类.2
1.2.2按电容器采用的电极材料分类.3
1.2.3按采用的电解质类型分类3
1.3超级电容器的特性4
1.3.1功率密度高4
1.3.2充放电循环寿命长4
1.3.3充电时间短4
1.3.4特殊的功率密度和适度能量密度4
1.3.5贮存寿命长4
1.3.6工作温度范围宽.4
1.4超级电容器的电极材料.5
1.4.1碳电极材料.5
1.4.2金属氧化物电极.5
1.4.3导电聚合物电极.6
1.5超级电容器的应用与发展6
1.5.1在汽车启动中的应用..6
1.5.2在混合动力汽车中的应用7
1.5.3在不间断电源（UPS）中的应用7
1.5.4在无人值守设备中的应用8
1.5.5在低耗电电子电路中的应用..8
1.6钴酸镍电极材料.8
1.7水热法..8
1.7.1水热法的定义..8
1.7.2水热法的优点..9
1.8本文选题依据..9
2实验部分10
2.1实验方法..10
2.1.1实验试剂与主要仪器10
2.1.2钴镍氧化物的制备过程..10
2.1.3实验内容..11
2.2钴酸镍材料表征..11
2.2.1X射线衍射物相分析.11
2.2.2扫描电子显微分析.11
2.2.3电化学性能测试方法12
3结果与讨论..14
3.1扫描电子显微镜的结果分析14
3.1.1不同水和乙醇的比例对产物形貌的影响.14 水热合成工艺参数对钴镍氧化物产物形貌结构的影响:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_34067.html