多硝基化合物的结晶过程与晶体特征研究

摘要奥克托今和黑索金作为高能单质炸药，军事用途广泛。它具有密度高、能量高、感度低等特点，综合性能优良。单质炸药的晶体完整性对炸药的敏感度和热安定性有显著影响。溶液重结晶法是常用优化炸药结晶性能的方法，研究炸药重结晶工艺对改良炸药性能有着重要的意义。本文采用降温重结晶的方法，在重结晶过程中，以不同溶剂（乙腈，二甲基亚砜，丙酮，丁内酯，环己酮，二甲基亚酰胺），不同温度（20℃，50℃）得到不同形态晶体,并分析了上述环境相的改变对晶体形态的影响。结果表明：(1) 溶剂影响着炸药溶液的溶解度，对最终颗粒形状有很大的影响。以丁内酯和环已酮为溶剂的重结晶得到的 HMX 呈针状聚晶，晶粒很细；以乙腈、丙酮和二甲基亚砜为溶剂的重结晶得到的 HMX 呈颗粒状，晶面比较完整。（2）温度对晶体的生长有明显的影响，在较高的温度下长出的 HMX 晶体质量一般要比在较低温度生长的好些。利用 X 射线衍射分析仪对 HMX 进行晶型分析，利用热重分析仪对 RDX 进行热安定性分析。结果表明：（1）重结晶得到的 6 种 HMX 均为 β 晶型。（2）RDX晶体的热安定性与晶体形态有密切的关系，晶体完整性高的单晶密度高，热安定性也较好。 59973
毕业论文关键词奥克托今，黑索金，重结晶，晶体形态，晶型，热安定性
Title Study on Crystallization process and Characterization of Explosives by Recrystallization
Abstract HMX and RDX are high-energy explosives which are used in military widely．It has high density, high energy, low sensitivity and excellent comprehensive performance. The crystal perfection of elemental explosives have a significant impact on the sensitivity and thermal stability. The crystal characteristics can be improved by recrystallization process from the solutions. It is important to research the recrystallization process of the explosive for improving performance of explosives. The different crystal morphologys of explosives were obtained from re-crystallizing with difference solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), acetoniwile(ACN), acctone(AC)，butyrolacetone(BL)， and different temperature，cyclohexacctone(CH) and dimethylformamile(DMF)．The EM pictures shows that :(1) the solubility of solvent affects the explosives solution and the solvents have great influence On the morphology of HMX Crystals. ：the grown crystals from the CH and BL have a small needle shape. ．From DMSO，ACN and AC solution HMX crystals were grown in a regular shape with smooth surface．(2) Temperature on the crystal growth has a significant impact, grow at higher temperatures than the general quality of the HMX crystals grow better at lower temperatures. The polymorphs and thermal stability of the re-crystallization were analyzed. The XRD analysis reveals that the crystals are β-HMX.The TG analysis reveals that the morphology of RDX has great effects on its thermal stability.
Keywords: HMX RDX Recrystallization crystal morphology polymorph Thermal stability

1、引言 1

1.1 本课题研究的目的 . 1

1.2 奥克托今和黑索金简介 .. 1

1.2.1 溶剂-非溶剂法 .. 2

1.2.2 降温法 2

1.3 本论文的主要研究工作 .. 3

2、炸药重结晶原理及晶体生长理论 4

2.1 结晶原理 .. 4

2.2 晶体生长理论 5

2.2.1 晶核的形成 .. 6

2.2.2 晶核生长的扩散 6

2.2.3 晶体的生长 .. 7 多硝基化合物的结晶过程与晶体特征研究:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_65315.html