摘要元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）是主要的短期气候驱动分子，其含量通过济南地区大 气超级观测站点收集的细微颗粒物（PM2。5）计量。碳溶胶物质（CM）平均贡献了济南地 区 2013 年 9 月、2014 年 2 月、2014 年 6 月 PM2。5   含量的 13。51%、29。29%、27。74%。2月济南地区 PM2。5 中 OC 和 EC 的年平均浓度分别为 23。671 μg/m3 和 3。296 μg/m3，是其他 两个月份的两倍。该月份更高的碳质气溶胶浓度和 CM 对 PM2。5 更高的贡献度显示出冬季 供暖燃煤排放对于济南地区空气的巨大影响。在冬季季风季节期间收集的样品的 OC 与 EC 浓度有很好的相关性，这表明了济南地区有机碳和元素碳来源相似且此时大气扩散运 动模式缓慢，易于形成停滞的空气团。利用 HYSPLIT 后向轨道模型能得出结论——偏南 气流及东北-西南流线辐合带是采暖季出现重污染天气的原因。非采暖季、麦收季济南地 区受到偏南气流控制。湿润的空气团能够使颗粒物沉降，对碳质气溶胶有冲刷作用。73775

毕业论文关键词：元素碳；有机碳；PM2。5；城市排放；污染物扩散。

毕 业 设 计 说 明 书 外 文 摘 要

Title Emission and Transport of Carbonaceous Aerosols in the East of North China

Abstract Elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC), the principal short-lived climate forces, were measured in PM2。5 collected at urban sites in Jinan, Shandong。 The carbonaceous matter (CM) contributed an average of 13。51% in September 2013, 29。29% in February 2014 and 27。74% in June 2014。 In February, the monthly average OC and EC concentration in PM2。5 were 23。671 μg/m3 and 3。296 μg/m3, respectively, which were two times of the other two months。 The higher concentration of carbonaceous aerosols and higher value of CM/PM2。5 in this month demonstrate that winter heating coal emissions have great impact on Jinan’s air quality。 EC and OC concentrations displayed good correlation in samples collected in Jinan site during winter monsoon season, suggesting that their main source were common and the atmospheric motion were as slow as each other。 Using the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model to analyze the airflow conclude that the Northeast - Southwest streamline convergence belt were responsible for the heavy pollution in the heating season。 Non-heating season and harvest season were controlled by south airflow。 The moist air mass can make the particle sedimentation, thus reducing the concentration of carbonaceous aerosols。

Keywords: Elemental Carbon; Organic Carbon; PM2。5; Urban Emission; Dispersion。

本科毕业设计说明书 第 I 页

目 录

1  绪论 1

1。1 大气气溶胶（颗粒物） 1

1。2 碳质气溶胶 1

1。3 中国典型城市碳质气溶胶研究概况 4

2 实验部分 6

2。1 研究地点 6

2。2 样品的采集 6

2。3 样品的处理方法 7

2。4 实验数据及整理 7

3 济南地区碳质气溶胶污染物特征分析 10

3。1 PM2。5 中 EC 和 OC 的浓度水平 10

3。2 济南地区碳质气溶胶的排放 12

4  济南地区碳质气溶胶的输送轨迹 14