高温熔盐加热系统设计

摘要熔盐因其良好的导热性，比热容高，以及成本低廉，使用温度广泛等优点，被广泛应用于核能，太阳能发电及化工领域。在熔盐工业领域，熔盐加热系统有着很重要的作用。本文的目的是希望可以设计一套合理的熔盐加热系统。本次设计主要分为三个部分，首先是系统方案设计，通过查询资料确定系统流程图，即固态熔盐在熔盐槽内进行融化，达到合适黏度后由熔盐泵泵入管道，在主加热器部分对熔盐进行加热，并通过管道返回熔盐槽。其次先假定熔盐槽的体积，根据槽的体积与流动次数来确定体积流量，体积流量确定之后再来选择熔盐泵，并根据管道长度和设备图算出熔盐泵的扬程，从而可以确定泵管道直径。接下来可以根据功率和加热情况来确定主加热器的大小。从而确定整个设备的基本流程。最后考虑采用电气控制柜对熔盐系统进行控制。通过一系列的计算比较，最终确定选择1.8m³的熔盐槽，流量为50m³/h扬程为20m的熔盐液下泵，以及直径65mm外径73mm的输送管道。通过这次设计对熔盐加热系统有了进一步的了解和认识，希望对日后的学习研究有着进一步的帮助。31787
毕业论文关键词熔盐泵,三元硝酸盐,熔盐槽,高温熔盐
Title Design of high temperature molten salt heating system
Abstract Molten salt is widely used in nuclear energy,solar power and chemical engineeringbecause of its good thermal conductivity, high specific heat capacity, low costand wide application of temperature. In the molten salt industry, molten saltheating system has a very important role. The purpose of this paper is to designa reasonable molten salt heating system.The design is pided into three parts, the first is the system design. I determinedthe system flow chart through the inquiry data .The solid salt in a molten saltbath were melted.When the viscosity of the molten salt to achieve the appropriateconduit through molten salt pump. Molten salt is heated at a high temperatureheater, molten salt is then returned through line groove.Secondly, assuming that the volume of the first molten salt bath, according tothe volume and flow of the number of slots to determine the volume flow rate, volumeflow rate is determined again after selecting molten salt pump, and the pump headmolten salt is calculated based on the length of pipeline and equipment diagram,which can determine the pump pipeline diameter. Then we can determine the sizeof the main heater according to the power and heated. To determine the basic flowof the entire apparatus.Finally, consider using the electrical control cabinet of the molten salt systemcontrol.A series of calculations and comparison, ultimately determine the selection ofthe molten salt tank 1.8m³ flow rate of 50 m³/ h head is 20m at a salt solutionpump, as well as pipeline diameter 73mm outer diameter of 65mm. Through this designhave a better understanding and awareness of the molten salt heating systems in the hope of future study and research has further assistance.
Keywords molten salt pump three yuan nitrate molten salt tankmolten salt
目次
1绪论1
1.1课题背景1
1.2熔盐种类及研究1
1.2.1熔盐种类1
1.2.2高温熔盐的研究2
1.3高温熔盐作为传热蓄热材料的应用3
1.3.1太阳能发电3
1.3.2石油化工领域4
1.3.3核能领域6
1.4设计主要工作6
2系统方案7
2.1传热介质的影响7
2.2加热系统的流程图7
2.3各部件的考虑8
3部件设计与选型10
3.1熔盐槽10
3.2熔盐泵12
3.3熔盐管道14
3.4保温材料14
3.5主加热器的设计与选型16
4控制系统18
结论19
致谢20
参考文献21
1 绪论熔融盐（简称熔盐）一般指的是无机盐或其混合物的熔融态液体。常见的熔盐有硝酸盐、氯化物、碳酸盐、氟化物、及硫酸盐等组成。熔盐具有以下优点：1 温度范围宽2 热容量大3 高温黏度低4 热稳定性好5 蒸汽压低6 廉价易得因此是一种优良的传热蓄热介质，在太阳能发电和高温加热领域有着十分广阔的应用潜力[1-4]。1.1 课题背景在加热温度为 300~550℃的时候，经常会选用硝酸盐作为液态循环的热载体，我国国内制造高温熔盐锅炉开始于上世纪80 年代末期，当时容量体积都比较小。随着时代发展国内熔盐炉的需求量增加单个熔盐炉的容量也随之增加，目前我国设计的单台熔盐炉的容量已经达到14MW。1.2 熔盐种类及研究1.2.1 熔盐种类常见的熔盐包括：碳酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐和氟化盐。（1）硝酸熔盐硝酸熔盐具有热稳定性好，比热容高，熔点低等优点，在太阳能制氢[11]、工业余热回收和太阳能发电[9,10]等领域有着十分广泛的应用。一般生产生活中所使用的熔盐体系有二元硝酸盐（KNO3-NaNO3）和三元硝酸（KNO3-NaNO3-NaNO2），表 1.1 列举了几种硝酸熔盐在 400℃时的构成和特性。高温熔盐加热系统设计:http://www.youerw.com/jixie/lunwen_28061.html