石油企业在国际贸易中的困境及对策
时间:2019-01-08 21:24 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要： 石油是一种不可再生的稀缺性资源，是关系国计民生的重要战略物资。近年来，随着我国经济的高速发展，石油需求量增幅不断加快。由于石油资源有限，中国的石油供需矛盾日益严峻。面对着石油进口量逐年攀升的局面，中国石油对外贸易问题也日益凸现。本文从研究中国石油进出口的历史与现状出发，阐述了我国石油对外贸易的发展历程，显现出中国石油供需缺口逐年加大，与别国的石油竞争日益激烈。目睹中国石油贸易显著的存在以下问题：进口依存度过高，进口来源地相对集中、运输方式单一、缺乏石油储备体系。本文还对以上问题提出了包括协调供需、进口多元化、加强与供给国以及消费国的合作、建立本国石油储备体系、鼓励中国石油企业走出去、发展替代能源等可行性意见。32439 毕业论文关键词： 石油贸易；对外依存度；中石油 The predicament and Countermeasure of oil enterprise in international trade Abstract ：Oil is a kind of non-renewable and rare resource, which is a strategic material related to the development of nations and the living security of people. With the repaid development of china’s economy, the demand for oil is larger and larger. Due to the limitation of this resource, the conflict between supply and demand of china for oil is worsening. With the condition of expanding oil import every year, the problem of china’s oil trade is severe. This paper starts from studying on the history and current situation of china’s oil import and export. It summarizes the evolution of each stage of china’s oil trade development, analyzes the current situation of our country’s oil trade under the background that the supply and demand of the world for oil is nearly balanced It includes that the unbalance between supply and demand of china for oil is more obvious, the competition among nations is more furious. Then it analyzes several oil trade problems that exist, including that china’s external oil dependence is much high, areas from which china imports oil are so excessively grouped, the way of transportation is relatively single, and china have not had oil reserve strategy. Aiming at these oil trade problems, this paper brings out a series of policies and recommendations: coordination of supply and demand, import persification, enhancing cooperation with oil supply and consume countries, establishing oil reserve system of our own, encouraging “coming out” of china’s oil company, and developing alternative energy etc. Keywords：oil trade, external oil dependence, CNPC 目录 引言 . 1 1 绪论 2 1.1 研究的目的和意义 2 1.1.1 研究目的： 2 1.1.2 研究意义： 2 1.2 研究现状和发展趋势 3 1.2.1 研究现状 3 1.2.2 发展趋势 3 2 中国石油对外贸易发展历程、现状及特点 5 2.1 中国石油对外贸易发展历程 5 2.2 中国石油对外贸易的现状及特点 5 2.2.1 石油供需矛盾日益严峻，并有不断恶化趋势 6 2.2.2 石油贸易逆差较大且逐年增加 7 2.2.3 中国石油对外贸易的结构发生显著变化 7 2.2.4 我国同其他国家的石油资源竞争日益加剧 8 3 中国石油对外贸易存在的主要问题 10 (责任编辑：qin) |