巴东土家语使用现状调查分析
时间:2020-10-21 17:40 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
摘要:目前人类所拥有的几千种语言中很多将趋于消失,语言的濒危和消亡现象日益严峻。民族组成数量众多导致了中国语言种类规模的庞大和语言资源的充沛,作为中华民族中的重要组成,土家族有着深厚的历史文化底蕴。随着社会经济的飞速发展,中西方文化交流的加剧,新的意识形态对传统文化的冲击越来越强烈,在漫长历史长河中发展而来的土家语及土家文化都遭遇了严峻的考验,尤其是土家语几乎到了濒临灭亡的危急时刻。因此,只有针对这种情况采取有效的手段才能确保土家文化不会因为时间的流逝而永远消失。本文以恩施巴东县土家语发展现状为例,着力探寻土家语走向灭亡的根源所在,认为社会各界应该高度重视土家语的保护和传承,要采取多种措施确保土家语在新时代环境下依然保持蓬勃发展的生命力。58389 毕业论文关键词:土家语;濒危语言;保护与传承; Abstract: Although humanity boasts thousands of languages, many of them are dying at present.There is an increasingly severe trend of language endangerment and disappearance.The large number of Chinese ethnicities explain the various kinds of Chinese dialects and abundant language resources.As a significant part of the Chinese nation,Tujia enjoys rich culture with a long history.With the rapid development of economy and the society as well as more frequent cultural exchanges between China and western countries, the new ideology exerts stronger impacts on traditional culture.Both Tujia language and its culture with a long history have encountered tough challenges.Now is virtually the urgent time when Tujia language is endangered.Therefore, we have no choice but to take targeted and effective efforts to prevent Tujia culture from disappearance.By taking the current situation of Tujia language in Badong County,Enshi City, for example, this theory focuses on the root causes of the decline of Tujia language,and calls on all walks from life to pay great attention to the protection and inheritance of Tujia language by taking measures to ensure its vitality in this new era. Key words: Tujia language;Endangered language; Protection and inheritance. 一、土家族与土家语 (一)土家族概况 土家族是汉语言对其的称呼,而在土家语中,一般称自己为“毕兹卡”[pi35tsi55kha21]或“比己卡”、“贝锦卡”、“密基卡”。“毕兹卡”是一个复合词组,分别由“毕兹”[pi35tsi55]和“卡”[kha21]组成,前者是土家语中对族名的发音,是双音节词,但是其具体内涵至今难以解释。土家族称汉族为”帕卡“[pa55kha21]、苗族为“白卡”[pe21kha21]。“卡”[kha21],汉义为“家”或“族”。土家族自称书写的上述差异不是语义上的,而是土家语方言语言差异所致。[1](P45) 在湖北省,大量的土家族和苗族聚居在其西部的恩施地区,其巴东县更是土家族苗族的聚集地。该州属于长江流域中三峡地区中部区域,东部和长阳、五峰两个土家族自治县靠近,南边和鹤峰县相邻,西边和巫山县等地接壤,北边和神农架地区紧靠。1998年相关部门给出的数据信息显示,巴东县占据面积为三千多平方千米,县下设有17个乡镇,人口数量近50万,而土家族在该县人口总数中占据的比率为42%,共有20余万人,在巴东县的各个乡镇均有土家族的身影。根据《巴东县至》所记载的内容,以前人们均称该县土家族为“蛮彝”、“土夷”等,以三尖观分界,北少南多,清江两岸为聚集地。以前,巴东县的土家族交流均使用土家语,时至今日,该县还有不少用土家语命名的地区存在。 (二)土家族族源 (责任编辑:qin) |