课题从种子萌发开始，观察生根、萌芽、茎叶生长、直至花果实种子形成等，为绞股蓝引种上海地区栽培提供可能的理论依据，为相关研究提供客观上的数据参考。

关键词：绞股蓝；种子萌发；营养生长；生殖生长；物候观察

Observation on Cultivation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Shanghai area

Abstract: On the basis of understanding the biological and physiological characteristics of Gynostemma, the germination characteristics and germination of Gynostemma pentaphyllum seeds were tested and studied. According to the germination characteristics of Gynostemma pentaphyllum seeds, the comparison observation method was used to sow the seeds under the greenhouse condition, to sow under the condition of the field cultivation, and to use no more. The germination of seed after seed treatment was observed with the growth hormone, and the germination rate and germination potential of the seeds were observed and the whole growth cycle and phenological performance of the seeds were observed after the seed germination. After seed germination, the whole growth cycle and phenological performance were observed.

From the beginning of seed germination, the topic is to observe the root, bud, stem and leaf growth, and the formation of the seeds of flower fruit. It provides the possible theoretical basis for the cultivation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Shanghai area, and provides an objective data reference for the related research.

Key words：Gynostemma pentaphyllum; seed germination; vegetative growth; reproductive growth; phenological observation

1 绪论

1.1研究背景

1.1.1绞股蓝的生物学概况

野生绞股蓝生长在海拔二百米至三千多米的山谷密林中、山坡疏林下或灌木丛中，习性喜阴湿，中国野生绞股蓝地理位置分布在西部。属葫芦科绞股蓝属。中国拥有丰富的绞股蓝种质资源，也是绞股蓝的原产地。

1.2.2绞股蓝的药用价值

（1）绞股蓝的应用历史

它因其抗氧化性、适应性和令人延寿的能力而闻名。世代居住在中国的居民会用绞股蓝泡茶，赋予了它长寿草的名头。 用它来对付血尿、咽部、颈部及肿瘤水肿等各式病症的历史也已有数百年。

（2）绞股蓝的药理分析

作为当地人的仙茶，它还含有许多氨基酸、维生素和钙、铁、镁、磷、钾、硒、锌等矿物质。它具有强抗氧化性，能提供有内源性细胞抗氧化功效超氧化歧化酶。有研究表明淋巴细胞、白细胞和巨噬细胞的活力都能够由它提示，是对抗恶性肿瘤的一剂良药。

绞股蓝中的化学成分与人参的相似。这种叫做人参皂甙的成分给予了其适应性，浓度是人参草的四倍。能够用来泡茶，也能磨粉服用。成年人一般用其汁液一到十克，或粉一到十克。 

根、茎、叶都是绞股蓝的有器官。绞股蓝叶是典型的适应原（Adaptogen）草本。它被誉为亚洲的“神草”。人们将这种藤上的嫩绿叶子称作亚洲的抗衰老叶。它是适应原（Adaptogen）也是抗氧化剂， 能有效地帮助人们对抗压力，提高免疫力。也常被用于呼吸道、心血管、消化系统和肝脏功能的保健治疗。 其中主要成分是绞股蓝皂苷，自1976年以来，对绞股蓝的研究表明其拥有150多种天然的绞股蓝皂甙成分。足以显示绞股蓝的适应原（Adaptogen）能力的强大。 

有医生称其可以修复心血管系统、消化系统、免疫系统、神经系统和生殖系统，对血尿有帮助。这得益于它近乎人参四倍的人参皂甙含量。搭配党参还能治疗高原病和时差不适。人参皂甙能降低血压高压，提高血压低压，有助于调节血压平衡。这些都是经过论证的。合理的解释也许是它能刺激一氧化氮的产生而使血管松弛，达到调节血压的目的。 保健药材绞股蓝引种上海地区栽培之观察(2):http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_204890.html