摘   要近年来，民用、商用和国防事业等方面对机械产品的需求和性能要求日益增加，这推动了现代机械制造业加工工艺的日益完善。传统的锻造工艺要求锻件的高径比不得大于3，不然将出现塑性失稳弯曲，这一难题一定程度上阻碍了企业的高效生产。国内对长轴锻件镦粗的研究还不够成熟，因此需要我们对此更加关注。86493

本次论文就是为了解决长轴类锻件镦粗时发生塑性失稳的问题，通过设计合理的方案和模具结构，在镦粗时做好防失稳的工作，同时提高企业的生产效率。为了避免镦粗失稳，首先要将高径比控制在3以内。本文采用了镦粗冷挤压的方法来设计此模具。通过使用合理的模具使锻件镦粗的部分得到有效保护，在镦粗的后期将材料挤压到凹模腔内，从而得到所需结构的零件。在此次模具设计中，首先使用PRO/E软件做出模具的三维造型，再用DEFORM软件对锻件成形的过程进行模拟仿真，最后根据软件模拟的结果对模具的结构进行相应的改善，从而得到符合要求的模具和锻件。通过对各种造型、模拟软件的合理利用，能够大大降低产品的生产成本，提高了模具的质量和精度，缩短了设计周期。

毕业论文关键词：长轴锻件；高径比；防失稳；仿真模拟；模具设计

Abstract     In recent years, the demand and the performance for mechanical products is increasing, such as civil, commercial and national defense, which drives the processing technology of the modern mechanical manufacturing industry。 The traditional forging process requires that the ratio of height to diameter shall not be greater than 3。 Otherwise, it is prone to plastic buckling。 This problem in some extent hindered the efficient production of forging process 。 Due to the domestic research is not mature enough, we need to pay more attention to it。

      In order to solve the problem that plastic instability of the long axis forgings, this thesis designs the reasonable scheme and die structure, which makes a good job in preventing the instability of the work and improving the production efficiency of enterprises。 First of all the ratio of height to diameter should be within 3 in order to avoid the plastic instability of upsetting。 This paper adopts the design of the mold about the material gathering and upsetting。 The part of forging will be protected by using reasonable mold。 At last, we can obtain the desired structure through the upsetting and the accumulation of material to the cavity。 In the process of mold design, 3D modeling software Pro / E was used to make the mold, then the DEFORM-3D software of forging process are simulated。 Finally, according to the results of the simulation, die structure were improved to meet the requirements of the mold and the forging。 Through the rational use of various modeling and simulation software, the production cost is greatly reduced, the mold precision is improved, and the design cycle of the mold is shortened。

Keywords: Long axis forgings; the ratio of height to diameter; prevent instability; analogue simulation; design of mold

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1。1 镦粗理论与传统镦粗工艺的论述 1

1。2 镦粗模具技术及发展趋势 1

    1。3 关于长轴锻件镦粗失稳的研究 2

1。4 Pro/E的概述及在镦粗模具计算机辅助设计方面的应用 2

1。5 DEFORM的相关功能和操作 4

第二章  镦粗防失稳模具的设计方案