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摘要本实验以聚偏氟乙烯为基础高分子基底，通过加入改性纳米金属氧化物来提高疏水效果，最后加入发泡剂高温烧结后形成多孔块体材料。包括以下步骤：首先采用还原法制备纳米金属氧化镍颗粒，并用十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷进行改性，得到低表面自由能的金属氧化物纳米颗粒；然后将改性金属氧化物纳米颗粒与聚偏氟乙烯粉末混合，加入发泡剂后高温烧结形成多孔复合氟碳树脂块体材料。30421
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这种纳米复合氟碳树脂具备超疏水、超亲油的特性。观察其表面形貌，发现其表面相对粗糙，具备微纳米复合结构；化学成分测试有丰富的氟碳键，具备低表面能的性质。同时，可实现油水分离的效果；具备一定的耐摩擦性能，经刀片刮擦后新生成的界面仍具有超疏水性、超亲油性，克服了超疏水界面不耐磨损的问题。
关键词 超疏水 油水分离 块体材料 微纳米结构 耐磨擦
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Oil-water Separation
Abstract
In this paper, polyvinylidene fluoride based superhydrophobic/ superoleophilic polymer bulk material was prepared through the following: adding modified oxidized nano metal particles in order to improve the hydrophobicity. Then, the porous bulk material was obtained via sintering with the existence of a blowing reagent. Firstly, oxidized nano metal particles were prepared by reduction methed, then treated with (Heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane to endow the particles with low surface free energies. Then, adding t modified nano particles to the polyvinylidene fluoride powder, followed by the sintering with foaming regeant.
The nano-fluorocarbon resin exhibited superior superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. The surface morphology was observed to be featured with roughness: the micro-nano hierarchical structures. The chemical composition test manifested that the surface was covered with C-F bond, showing low surface energy properties. Moreover, the prepared sample exhibited outstanding oil-water separation properties. Meanwhile, after scratched by blade, the newly generated interface still possessed the superhydrophobic properties, exhibiting good wear resistance.
Keywords superhydrophobic oil-water separation bulk materials
micro-nano structures wear resistance
目录
1 绪论 1
1．1 引言 1
1．2 超疏水表面的基本理论 3
1．3 超疏水表面制备方法及油水分离研究现状 7
1．4 当前超疏水表面研究出现的问题、发展趋势及其应用前景 8
1．5 本文选题背景及主要立题思路 10
2 实验材料及测试方法 12
2．1 主要仪器和试剂 12
2．2 实验流程 13
2．3 超疏水、超亲油改性复合氟碳树脂块体的制备 13
2．4 表征方法 14
3 实验表征与分析 18
3．1 场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）表征与原理分析 18
3．2 白光共聚焦显微镜表征与原理分析 19
3．3 红外光谱仪测试与原理分析 20
3．4 接触角测量与原理分析 22
3．5 油水分离测试与分析 24
3．6 机械摩擦测试与分析 26
结论 28
致谢 30
参考文献 31
1 绪论
1．1 引言