摘要纳米材料在各种领域已经有了广泛的应用。实验中分别使用不同的有机溶剂作为 燃料，采用硝酸镍-燃料体系，用溶液燃烧法制备了镍基纳米材料。并通过 XRD 和扫 描电镜对制备的镍基纳米材料进行表征，结果表明使用尿素和葡萄糖作为燃料制备的 催化剂粉末颗粒较大，用甘氨酸和乙二醇作为燃料制备的催化剂颗粒较小，大约为 100nm 左右。79381

硝酸镍-燃料的比例对镍基催化剂的物相组成有较大的影响，当是贫燃体系时， 得到的成分主要是氧化镍；当接近于化学计量比时，得到的主要是镍和氧化镍的混合 物；当是富燃体系时，得到的成分主要是镍。

将用乙二醇、尿素、甘氨酸和葡萄糖四种燃料制备的镍基催化剂修饰到玻碳电极 表面，研究其对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能。结果表明，四种修饰电极均对葡萄糖有一 定的催化氧化作用，其中甘氨酸为燃料制备的电极材料对葡萄糖的催化氧化性能最佳。

分别研究了硝酸镍-甘氨酸配比为 1:0。5、1:0。75、9:10、1:1。5、1:2 时制备的镍基 催化剂对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能，结果表明使用硝酸镍-甘氨酸配比为 1:0。75 的体 系制备的镍基催化剂对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能更好。

毕业论文关键词：溶液燃烧法；镍基催化剂；葡萄糖电催化氧化；非酶葡萄糖传感器

Abstract Nanometer materials have wide application in various fields。 Experiments using different organic solvents as a fuel, in nickel nitrate - fuel system, burning with solution preparation of nickel and nickel oxide nanomaterials。 And by XRD and SEM examination found that after using different organic solvents have a certain influence on the results, with urea and glucose as fuel preparation of powder particle is larger, with glycine and ethylene glycol as a fuel preparation of powder particles smaller。

Nickel nitrate - fuel ratio also have great influence to the experimental results, the main periods of low when the content of the fuel will get mainly nickel oxide powder preparation, along with the increase in fuel content, will produce some nickel powder, when the content of the fuel to a certain extent, more products are mostly nickel powder。

Use production material to modified electrodes。 By electrochemical experiments we found out that our preparation of four kinds of materials for glucose have certain catalytic oxidation。 Found for preparation of fuel materials with glycine is better for catalytic oxidation of glucose。

Were studied for nickel nitrate glycine ratio 1:0。5, 1: 0。75, 9:10, 1:1。5, 1:2 the prepared nickel based catalyst for glucose electro catalytic oxidation performance。 The results show that using nickel nitrate glycine ratio is 1: 0。75 preparation system of nickel based catalysts on glucose electro catalytic oxidation performance better。

Keywords: Solution combustion synthesis; nickel-based catalyst; electrocatalytic oxidation; non-enzymatic glucose sensor

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 纳米材料 1

1。1。1 纳米技术简介 1

1。1。2 纳米材料的最新研究进展 2

1。1。3 国内纳米技术研究进展 2

1。2 溶液燃烧法 2

1。2。1 溶液燃烧法的概述 2

1。2。2 溶液燃烧法的基本原理 3

1。2。3 溶液燃烧法的发展 3

1。3 镍基纳米材料 4

1。3。1 镍基纳米材料的特点