摘要:随着经济的发展，对轧材质量的要求不断提高。而残余应力会导致钢板发生变形、表面缺陷如裂纹等；使表面加工质量下降，同时影响钢材的机械性能与疲劳寿命。因此，对钢材生产过程中残余应力的准确预测，有利于生产质量与效率的提高，具有重要的意义。本文以预测碳钢钢板的残余应力为目标并研究残余应力的分布情况。通过ABAQUS的热-力耦合算法模拟了碳钢钢板从860℃层流冷却至室温的温降过程，对其冷却过程中残余应力的分布规律和大小进行了研究，分析了冷却后碳钢钢板残余应力大小和分布的情况。分别采用了比容差法及小孔法对碳钢钢板在冷却后的残余应力进行测量。将有限元模拟计算结果与实验数据进行对比分析，验证了有限元模型模拟计算的正确性。并得出了钢板冷后边部的残余应力较大，沿钢板层深方向两表面的残余应力大于心部的残余应力分布规律。81316

毕业论文关键词：残余应力场；比容差法；小孔法；数值模拟；ABAQUS

Measurement and Simulation of Residual Stress Distribution during Cooling Process

Abstract: With the economic development, the quality of the requirements of rolling materials continue to increase。 And the residual stress will lead to deformation of the steel plate, surface defects such as cracks, etc 。; to reduce the quality of surface processing, while affecting the mechanical properties of steel and fatigue life。 Therefore, the accurate prediction of the residual stress in the steel production process is conducive to the improvement of production quality and efficiency, which is of great significance。 In this paper, the residual stress of carbon steel sheet is predicted and the distribution of residual stress is studied。 The heat-force coupling algorithm of ABAQUS was used to simulate the temperature drop process of carbon steel sheet from 860 ℃ laminar cooling to room temperature。 The distribution law and size of residual stress during cooling were studied。 The residual carbon steel sheet Stress size and distribution。 The residual stress of carbon steel sheet after cooling was measured by the tolerance method and the small hole method respectively。 The finite element simulation results are compared with the experimental data, and the correctness of the finite element model simulation is verified。 And the residual stress of the cold side of the steel plate is larger, and the residual stress on the two surfaces in the deep direction of the steel plate is larger than that of the residual stress in the core。

Key words:  residual stress field; Specific volume method; small hole method; numerical simulation; ABAQUS

目  录

1  绪论 1

1。1  热轧板简介 1

1。2  残余应力 1

1。2。1  残余应力测量方式 2

1。2。2  残余应力的产生原因 4

1。2。3  残余应力的利与弊 5

1。2。4  残余应力的消除方法 5

1。3  轧后控制冷却工艺 6

1。4  选题的目的和意义 6

1。5  课题的研究内容 7

2  ABAQUS有限元分析软件 9

2。1  有限元发展与现状 9

2。2  ABAQUS软件简介 9

2。3  ABAQUS系统结构 10

3  钢板轧后冷却残余应力的有限元模拟及实验验证