摘要随着现代科学技术的不断推进，人们对空间事物的认知已慢慢地从二维转向三维，在测绘界，GPS技术可以直接测定某点的三维坐标，但在实际中需要把正高转换为正常高，此时一个拥有良好分辨率和精度的大地水准面模型已然成为时代之需，然而在实际测量中，正高与正常高之间的转换极容易产生差异，导致水准面模型精度的丢失，不能直接利用，因此，精化大地水准面已成为我国测绘界的首要任务。精化的主要方法有：几何方法，重力学方法以及组合法。80673

此项研究的背景主要是现代GPS技术的广泛应用和高精度的数字地面模型的建立，丰富的GPS数据可直接用于建立厘米级区域大地水准面数字模型，代替传统的费时费力的几何水准测量，我国对于这方面的研究将会越来越深入，巩固我国测绘事业的基础建设，推动空间技术和信息化服务的发展，满足相关地学研究的需要，使得测绘成果能更好地为社会服务，进一步推动国家发展。

毕业论文关键词：大地水准面精化，GPS/水准，拟合模型，二次曲面拟合

ABSTRACT With the advancement of modern science and technology, people's perception of space things have slowly from 2 d to 3 d, in CeHuiJie, GPS technology can directly determine the three-dimensional coordinates of a point in practice need to convert orthometric height to normal high, at this time a good resolution and accuracy of the geoid model has become a time, however, in actual measurement, orthometric with normal high conversion between, extremely easy to create differences lead to loss of accuracy of the geoid model, cannot be directly used, therefore, has become the elaboration geoid CeHuiJie first priority in our country。 The elaboration of the main methods are: geometric method, gravity method and group legal。

The background of the study is mainly the wide application of GPS technology and the establishment of a high precision digital terrain model, rich in GPS data can be applied directly to centimeter level regional geoid digital model is set up, instead of the traditional geometric leveling laborious, for the research in our country will be more and more deep, consolidate the cause of surveying and mapping infrastructure in our country, promote the development of space technology and information technology services, meet the needs of the related geological research, makes the surveying and mapping results can provide better service for the society, to promote national development。

Keywords: geoid refine, GPS/leveling, fitting model, the quadric surface fitting

目  录

1 绪 论 1

1。1 研究背景 1

1。2 研究目的与意义 1

1。3 国内外大地水准面精化现状 2

1。3。1 国外大地水准面精化现状 2

1。3。2 国内大地水准面精化现状 3

1。4 组织结构与技术路线 3

1。4。1 组织结构 3

1。4。2 技术路线 3

2 确定大地水准面的原理与方法 5

2。1 确定大地水准面的基本理论 5

2。1。1 Stokes理论 5

2。1。2  Molodensky理论 6

2。2 确定大地水准面的基本方法 7

2。2。1 几何法 7

2。2。2 重力学法