摘要石墨烯巨大的表面积、良好的导电性能和独特的二维结构，使其在电化学、催化及传感器领域都具有广阔的应用前景。本毕业设计以氧化石墨和Zn(NO3)2•6H2O为原料、C2H5OH为溶剂和还原剂、PEG400为表面活性剂，利用石墨烯独特的层状结构，通过一步溶剂热法制备氧化锌-石墨烯纳米复合材料，利用X-射线衍射、拉曼光谱、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱等手段对复合材料进行了结构表征。结果表明，通过溶剂热法可以成功制备出石墨烯表面均匀负载氧化锌的纳米复合材料,所得棒状纳米ZnO的平均长度为100nm，平均直径为30nm。在此基础上，控制石墨烯不同的掺杂比，将制备的复合材料制作成厚膜型气敏元件，进而研究其气敏性能。结果发现石墨烯掺杂度在3%时气敏性达到最高值，在400℃对1000ppm的乙醇的灵敏度为505，并且对不同种类气体有良好的选择性，因此，该气敏元件有望在乙醇传感器中得到应用。63616

毕业论文关键词  溶剂热法 氧化锌 氧化石墨 气敏性能

Title  Depositing nanoparticles (ZnO) onto graphene sheet surfaces and their properties

Abstract Graphene’s large surface area,excellent electrical properties and distinctive two-dimensional structure allow it to have a bright prospect of application in the area of electrochemical, catalytic and sensor. The graduation project takes graphite oxide and Zn(NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials,ethanol as solvent and reducing agent,PEG400 as surfactant. Making use of graphene’s special layered structure, we prepare the zinc oxide-graphene composite by solvothermal method.Meanwhile,the micro- structure of obtained composites was investigated by XRD,Raman spectrum,TEM,infrared spectroscopy and other methods. The results show that by using solvothermal method, we succeed in uniformly loading the zinc oxide onto the surface of graphene sheets, and the rod-like ZnO nanoparticles have an average length of 100 nm,an average diameter of 30 nm. On the basis of this, the samples are made into gas-sensitive elements by controlling the different doping ratios of graphene,the prepared composite materials are made into thick film gas sensor. After studying their gas sensitivity, the result shows that the gas sensitivity reaches the maximum when the doping ratio of graphene is 3%,and its sensitivity for ethanol of 1000ppm at 400℃ is 505, for different types of gases have a good selectivity. Therefore, the gas sensor is expected to be alcohol sensor.

Keywords  solvothermal method, zinc oxide, graphite oxide, gas sensitivity

目   次  

1  绪论 1

1.1  气敏材料及其元件 1

1.1.1  气敏材料及其元件的概述 1

1.1.2  气敏传感器现状 2

1.1.3  气敏材料的应用 2

1.1.4  气敏材料的展望 3

1.2 石墨烯及氧化石墨烯 3

1.2.1  石墨烯的概述 3

1.2.2  石墨烯的化学改性 4

1.2.3  氧化石墨烯（GO） 4

1.3  氧化锌（ZnO） 5

1.4  关于本实验采用的合成方法 5

1.5 本课题研究的科学意义和应用背景 6

2  氧化锌-石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备 7

2.1  药品与仪器 7

2.1.1  药品