摘要：石墨烯是一种新型二维蜂窝层状状碳材料，具有比表面积大、电子迁移率高、力学强度高等特性，是目前物理、材料、化学等领域的研究热点。本文以改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨为原料，多巴胺为还原剂和氮源，采用水热法，并结合冻干、高温退火技术制备多孔氮掺杂石墨烯。利用SEM、BET分析等表征其微观结构和形貌、氮掺杂以及比表面积。制备的多孔氮掺杂石墨烯比表面积达128.6 m2•g-1，氮掺杂含量为7.29 at.%。以制备的多孔氮掺杂石墨烯为吸附剂，探讨其对水体中重金属离子的吸附性能，结果显示，在近中性条件下，吸附基本在15 min内达到平衡，此时吸附率达70%。由此可见，多孔氮掺杂石墨烯是一种优良的水体中重金属离子吸附剂，有望用于污水处理过程。65813

毕业论文关键词：氮掺杂石墨烯，多巴胺，吸附剂，重金属离子

Abstract：Graphene, a two-dimensional single atomic planar sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms densely packaged into a honeycomb lattice structure, is a novel carbon nanomaterial. Due to its large large specific surface area, high electron mobility, and high mechanical strength it has already attracted more and more attentions in various fields such as physics, chemistry, material science. In this paper graphite oxide prepared by modified Hummer’s method was used as a raw material and dopamine was employed as reductant and nitrogend source to synthesis porous nitrogen doped graphene. Then SEM and BET analyzer was employed to characterize its microstructure, elemental composition and specific surface area. The results that BET is 128.6 m2•g-1, and the nitrogen content is 7.29 at.%. Using the as-prepared porous nitrogen doped grapheme as adsorbent and Cu2+ as prototype to explore its application in removal of trace-metal ions in waste water. The experimental results show that the adsorbing efficiency reaches 70% in 15 min in neutral water; So that porous nitrogen doped graphene is a kind of excellent adsorbent to heavy metal ion in waste water. 

Keyboard : Nitrogen doped graphene , dopamine, adsorbent, heavy metal ion

目  录

1 前言 3

1.1石墨烯发现过程 3

1.2石墨烯的结构和性能 3

1.3石墨烯的制备 3

1.4石墨烯的应用 4

1.5石墨烯复合材料的吸附性能 4

2 实验部分 5

2.1 实验仪器和试剂 5

2.2 实验步骤 6

2.2.1 制备氧化石墨 6

2.2.2 制备多孔氮掺杂石墨烯材料 6

2.2.3 Cu(Ⅱ)标准曲线的绘制 6

2.2.4 氮掺杂石墨烯材料的吸附实验 7

3  结果与讨论 7

3.1 氮掺杂石墨烯材料的合成及表征 7

3.2 氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料对铜离子的吸附性能 10

3.2.1  铜离子标准工作曲线 10

3.2.2  时间对石墨烯复合材料吸附性能的影响 10

3.2.3  吸附剂用量对石墨烯复合材料吸附性能的影响 11

3.2.4  pH值对石墨烯复合材料吸附性能的影响 12

结论