摘 要：基于多孔碳材料具有化学稳定性高、导电性好、比表面积大、孔道结构可控等特点，多孔碳材料在气体分离水的净化、色谱分析催化和光催化及能量存储等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文是通过冷冻溶胶－凝胶法，制备一系列不同孔道结构的多孔碳材料，借助比表面（BET）、扫描电镜（SEM）测试对其物理性质做了表征。通过不断优化实验配方以实现使多孔碳材料比表面和孔径更佳的目的，筛选最佳性能的多孔碳材料。结果表明：在本实验中，以7号配方（即间苯二酚1.2626g、糠醛1.920mL、叔丁醇13.0500mL、六亚甲基四胺（乌洛托品）0.0214g）制备的多孔碳材料的比表面积和孔径相对其他配方较优，分别为BET：522.42 m2/g、Size：6.54nm。并以该多孔碳材料为活性物质制成电极，采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学方法测试其电化学性能，结果表明：以7号配方制备的多孔碳材料，在0.5mol·L- 1Na2SO4溶液里，在0.05 A·g-1恒电流下进行充放电测试，扫描范围为0-1V，得到的比电容值最佳，为120.37F·g-1 。65897

毕业论文关键词：多孔碳，冷冻溶胶－凝胶法，电极材料，超级电容器

Abstract: Based on its high chemical stability, good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and controllable channel structure, porous carbon materials has been widely used in gas separation, purification of water, catalytic and optical chromatographic analysis and energy storage. In this paper, a series of different channel structure of porous carbon materials had been synthesized through the frozen sol-gel method. The obtained products were characterized by specific surface (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test to study its physical property. In order to realize the best performance of porous carbon materials, experiment prescription was optimized. Results showed that formula 7 is the best one (that is, the resorcinol 1.2626 g, furfural 1.920 mL, tert-butyl alcohol 13.0500 mL, six methylene tetramine (methenamine) 0.0214 g) and the obtained porous carbon possessed the specific optimal surface area and pore size, which is 522.42 m2/g and 6.54nm respectively. The porous carbon was used as electrode material for supercapacitor, and cyclic voltammograms (CV), constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance were applied to test its electrochemical properties. The results show that the porous carbon materials synthesized by 7 formula presented the best specific electric-capacity, 120.37 F·g-1 which was tested in 0.5 mol·L -1Na2SO4 solution, under 0.05 A·g-1 constant current charge-discharge test, the scanning range of 0-1 V. 

Key word: Porous carbon, Frozen sol-gel method, Electrode material, Supercapacitor

目   录

1.引言.........................................................................................................4 

1.1超级电容器…………………………………………………………..4

1.1.1超级电容器的详述…………………………………………………4

1.1.2超级电容器的应用与分类…………………………………………5

1.1.3超级电容器的电极材料……………………………………………5

1.2 多孔碳材料………………………………………………………….5