摘 要：含油废水成分非常复杂，可能包含杀菌剂、腐蚀剂、乳化剂等杂质，若不经处理就直接排放，将会给环境带来很大的污染。本文使用自制的凹土基陶瓷膜处理含油废水，考察料液温度和pH等料液性质对膜分离性能的影响。结果表明：在中性的条件下，料液温度为35 ℃的条件下过滤效果较好，此时含油废水的渗透液与截留液的COD值分别为12.86 g/mL和1006.2 g/mL，截留率达到了98.72 %，过滤60分钟后，渗透液与截留液的浊度分别为1.15 NTU和445 NTU，膜污染严重，用去离子水和0.01 mol/L的NaOH溶液进行清洗之后，膜通量恢复到新膜通量的70 %左右。66452

毕业论文关键词：含油废水，膜分离，COD，膜清洗

Abstract: Oily wastewater’s composition is very complicated, may contain impurities such as fungicides, etches and emulsifier, if discharged, can cause serious problems to the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study aimed to treat oily wastewater via the self-made attapulgite microfiltration membrane, and investigate the effects of liquid properties such as temperature and pH on membrane separation performance. The results show that under the following operation conditions: feed temperature of 35 ℃, feed pH value of 7.5, the attapulgite microfiltration membrane has better stable flux. Oily waste water’s COD value of the penetration of liquid and residual liquid were 12.86 g/mL and 1006.2 g/mL, rejection rate was 98.72 %. Filtering 60 min later, the turbidity of penetrating fluid and residual liquid were 1.15 NTU and 445 NTU respectively. However, membrane fouling is serious and weakens the membrane’s separation performance. The fouled membrane can be satisfactorily regenerated using water rinsing and 0.01 mol/L NaOH cleaning for 40 min. The membrane water flux recovery rate was about 70%

Keywords: oily wastewater, membrane separation, COD, membrane cleaning

目   录

1前言 3

1.1 含油废水 3

1.1.1 含油废水的定义 3

1.1.2 含油废水的来源 3

1.1.3 含油废水的危害 3

1.1.4 含油废水的处置方式 4

1.1.5 含油废水的排放标准 4

1.2 膜分离技术 5

1.2.1 膜材料 5

1.2.2 膜分离法 5

1.3 膜污染及其影响因素 6

1.3.1 膜面电荷对膜污染的影响 6

1.3.2 膜结构对膜污染的影响 6

1.4 本文研究目的和内容 6

2 实验部分 7

2.1 实验仪器和试剂 7

2.2 凹土基陶瓷膜的制备 8

2.3 膜分离过程 8

2.4 实验测定和分析方法 9

3 结果与讨论 9

3.1 含油废水的特征 9

3.2 料液pH值对膜渗透性能和截留效果的影响 10

3.3 料液温度对膜渗透性能和截留效果的影响 11

3.4 不同孔径陶瓷膜和凹土基陶瓷膜对含油废水的过滤特征 12

3.5膜污染清洗