摘要电容去离子技术（CDI）作为一种新型的水处理除盐技术，具有除盐效率高、能耗低、 环境友好等优点，近年来备受关注。开发性能优良的多孔碳基电极材料对于 CDI 技术的发 展意义重大。本文制备并考察了氮掺杂多孔碳作为电极材料在 CDI 中的脱盐性能。以对苯 二胺和硫酸中和反应生成的离子液体盐作为前驱体，经过高温热解得到了氮掺杂多孔碳。 通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸附脱附仪、X 射线衍射 仪（XRD）、拉曼光谱、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）、循环伏安、充放电和电化学阻抗对氮 掺杂多孔碳的外部形貌、内部结构、元素组成和电化学特性进行表征。结果显示，制备的多 孔碳电极材料具有较高的氮含量、理想的介孔孔道和一定的石墨化结构。电化学性能测试 结果表明 C-9 具有较大的比电容（207 F g-1）和较小的电阻抗（3。13 Ω）。制备的氮掺杂多 孔碳 CDI 电极对 NaCl 的吸附符合一级动力学。当工作电压为 1。6V，氯化钠溶液浓度为 500 mg L-1 时，C-9 的吸附容量可达 20。2 mg g-1。经过 5 次吸附-脱附循环后，C-9 的吸附容量仍 能保持原有的 81。2 %。与传统活性碳相比，制备的氮掺杂多孔碳的脱盐性能更优越。因此， 本文制备的氮掺杂多孔碳电极材料在水处理脱盐领域具有良好的前景。76150

毕业论文关键词：脱盐；电容去离子；离子液体盐；氮掺杂多孔碳；电吸附量

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要 

Title The preparation of Nitrogen-doped porous carbon electrode and its Capacitive deionization Performance

Abstract

Recently, capacitive deionization (CDI) as a new desalination technology has attracted great interest in the field of desalination due to its high desalting efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness。The potential porous carbon-based electrode material is important for the development of CDI。 This paper investigated the preparation and performance of nitrogen- doped porous carbon(NPC) as an electrode material in CDI。 NPC materials were obtained by direct carbonization of protic salt , which was produced by the reaction of pPDA and sulfuric acid。 The external morphology, internal structure, elemental composition and electrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped porous carbon were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N2 adsorption/desorption。, cyclic voltammetry, charge and discharge experiment, and electrochemical impedance experiment。 The results show that the porous carbon electrode material produced possess a high nitrogen content, fantastic mesoporous structure and a certain graphitization。 Electrochemical results indicate that C-9 has a large specific capacitance (207 F g-1) and a smaller resistance (3。13 Ω)。 The electrosorption capacities of nitrogen-doped porous carbon electrode produced in NaCl solution conforms to first order kinetics equation。 When the voltage is 1。6V, C-9 shows an outstanding electrosorption capacity of 20。2 mg g-1 in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution。 After 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, its electrosorption capacity can still maintain the original 81。2%。 Thus, it should be a promising electrode material for high performance CDI。

Keywords: Desalination; capacitive deionization; protic salt; nitrogen-doped porous carbon; electrosorption capacity

目 次

1  绪论 1

1。1  水资源现状及脱盐技术的必要性 1

1。2  脱盐技术简介 1

1。2。1  蒸馏法