摘 要车架作为电动汽车的骨架，连接电动车的各大组成，既保持各部分正确的位置，又承载行驶过程中的各种载荷。所以，整车的性能好差很大程度上取决于车架的质量。有限元的思想是车辆设计过程的关键理论，在对车架的结构进行强度刚度校核、模态性能校核中起重要作用。86330

本文从建立模型、有限元分析等几个方面阐述了车架的设计过程：

（1）利用SolidWorks对电动车车架进行三维建模，使用Ansys Workbench对车架进行较为全面的分析和讨论；

（2）为了避免车架出现共振情况，故本论文对车架在自由边界条件下进行了模态分析；

（3）合理地简化了车架模型，根据电动车设定的负载约束，选取满载弯曲最具代表性的工况进行静力学分析。

本文的设计分析表明该设计出的轻型电动车车架的动态特性、强度和刚度均满足设计要求，但经过优化调整后的车架在一定程度要比原车架结构简单且质量轻，其后对新车架进行了模态和静力分析均符合设计要求。

毕业论文关键词：电动汽车；车架；有限元法；模态分析；静力分析

Abstract As an electric vehicle skeleton, the frame of the electric vehicle is connected with the major components of the electric vehicle, which not only maintains the correct position of each part, but also carries various loads in the running process。Therefore, the performance of the frame has a great impact on the quality of the vehicle。The finite element theory is an important theory in the design of the frame。 At present, most of the theories are based on the finite element theory, and the structure design and strength rigidity check of the frame are carried out。

This paper describes the design process of the frame from several aspects, such as the model, the finite element analysis and so on。:

1。Using SolidWorks to carry on the three-dimensional modeling of the electric vehicle frame, using Workbench Ansys to carry on the more comprehensive analysis and discussion to the vehicle frame。

2。In order to avoid the resonance of the frame, this paper makes a modal analysis of the frame under the free boundary condition。

3。The frame model is reasonably simplified, and the static analysis is carried out according to the load constraints set by the electric vehicle。

The analysis shows that the light electric vehicle frame of dynamic characteristics, strength and stiffness are to meet the design requirements, but through the adjustment and optimization of the frame in the certain degree to than the original frame, the quality of light, and the static and modal analysis are in line with the design requirements。

Keywords : electric vehicle ;Frame ; finite element method ; modal analysis; static analysis

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1。1 本文的研究目的和意义 1

1。1。1目的 1

1。1。2课题研究背景及意义 1

1。2 本课题涉及的问题在国内外研究状况 2

1。2。1 国外研究现状 2

1。2。2 国内研究现状 3

1。3 本课题的研究内容 4

第二章  车架结构设计及三维建模 6

2。1 车架的主要分类及应用 6

2。2 建模软件SolidWorks介绍 6

2。3 车架尺寸确定及三维建模 7

2。3。1 车架主要尺寸的确定