摘要城市作战在现代“不对称战争”背景下，通过定点打击可以更加高效，还可以避免伤害平民。在野外作战时，通过精确的远距离打击使弹药消耗减少，从而在缺少后勤保障情况下增加作战的持久性。而要实现精确打击，狙击步枪是一个不错的选择。68547

现代战争中高价值目标越来越多，大口径狙击步枪可远距离有效打击这些高价值目标，在战争中具有重要作用。大口径狙击步枪因口径增大，虽然威力增强，但随之增大的后坐力也成为其瓶颈而制约其发展。如何做到既保证武器射击精度，又能使后坐力减到最低，从而满足单兵可操作性，已成为大口径狙击步枪的一项重要设计要求。本论文进行了某大口径狙击步枪总体方案设计与关键部件结构设计，进行了三维实体造型与部分二维工程图纸的绘制，进行了部分结构的强度校核。通过设计高效的膛口制退器、液压缓冲器，使后坐力得到明显减低，实现武器的精确打击。

毕业论文关键词  大口径  狙击步枪  低后坐  膛口制退器  液压缓冲器

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title Design and analysis of a low recoil sniper rifle

Abstract

In the background of modern "asymmetric warfare", fighting in the city, targeting not only can efficiently eliminate the target, but also can avoid harming civilians. In combat, accurate long-range strike can effectively reduce the ammunition consumption, and increase the operation sustainability in the absence of logistics case. To achieve precision strike, sniper rifle is a good choice. 

In modern war, there are more and more high-value targets. The large caliber sniper rifle can destroy these high-value targets, therefore, it plays a very important role. With the large caliber, its power increases. Meanwhile, the accompanying increased recoil becomes the bottleneck restricting its development. How to ensure the firing accuracy and light weight at the same time, reduce the recoil force, so as to meet the inpidual operationability, has become an important design requirement of a large caliber sniper. The overall scheme design and structure design of key parts were carried out, and the three-dimensional entity model and two-dimensional drawing engineering drawings were completed. The intensity of some part structures were verified. By designed efficient muzzle brake, hydraulic buffer, the recoil can be reduced effectively and the achieve precision strike can be realized.

Keywords          Large caliber     Sniper rifle          Low recoil  

Hydraulic buffer      Muzzle brake

目   次

1  绪论1

1.1  研究目的、意义1

1.2  国内外研究历史和现状1

1.3  发展趋势7

2  枪械低后坐方法研究8

2.1  减后坐技术介绍8

2.2  该枪采用的减后坐技术9

3  总体方案设计10

3.1  主要战术技术指标10

3.2  自动方式10

3.3  缓冲方式10

4  内弹道计算12

4.1  内弹道基本假设17

4.2  内弹道计算17

5  部分零部件结构设计及总枪装配19

5.1  闭锁机构19

5.2  枪管20

5.3  发射机构22

5.4  击发机构22

5.5  退壳机构23

5.6  瞄准装置23

5.7  枪托23

5.8  高效膛口制退器24

5.9  缓冲器28

5.10  总枪装配34

结论36

致谢37