摘要：上市公司年度财务报告作为金融投资者预计企业未来经营业绩，政府相关监管部门判断企业经营成果真实性，以及企业合作伙伴了解企业风险状况的重要参考，对于财务报表内容的分析、解读使之能被各个利益相关机构和个人更好的读懂并从中获取需要的信息便显得尤为重要。本文首先对财务报表分析的相关理论进行简单介绍，以格力电器对外公布的2014-2016年共三年的年度报告作为基础数据，对三大主要财务报表分别用水平分析法、趋势分析法进行横向分析与纵向分析，再通过计算重要的财务比率对其偿债能力、营运能力、盈利能力三大能力进行深入分析，最后结合杜邦分析试图探求格力电器在营运过程中出现的相关问题并提出针对性的建议。本文发现，格力电器虽然体量巨大且2016年各项财务指标较上年都有大幅度增长，但也存在资本结构不合理、财务杠杆系数较大、经营增长乏力等问题亟需解决。80535

毕业论文关键词： 财务报表分析；比率指标；财务能力

The Financial Statement Analysis of Gree Electric Appliances, Inc。

Abstract： Annual financial report of listed companies as important reference for financial investors to anticipate future business performance，relevant government departments to judge the authenticity of business results, business partners understand the business risk situation, for the analysis of financial statements, it is particularly important to be able to obtain the necessary information from each stakeholder and inpidual。 This article first on the financial statement analysis of the relevant theory of a brief introduction to Gree Electric announced 2014-2016 three years of annual report as a basic data, the three major financial statements were analyzed by horizontal analysis and trend analysis respectively，and then through the calculation of the important financial ratio of its solvency, operational capacity, profitability of the three powers in-depth analysis，finally, combined with DuPont analysis trying to explore Gree electrical operation in the process of the problems and related to the proposed recommendations。 This article found that Gree in recent years, although the volume is large, the financial indicators of a substantial increase in 2016, but there are unreasonable structure, financial leverage coefficient is large, weak growth and other issues need to be resolved。

Key words： Financial Statements; Ratio indicator; Financial ability

目  录

绪论1

（一）研究背景1

1、行业背景1

2、公司背景1

（二）研究意义2

一、财务报表分析理论概述3

（一）财务报表分类3

1、按报表使用对象分类3

2、按报表所提供会计信息的重要性分类3

3、按编报的会计主体不同分类3

（二）财务报表分析基础3

  1、财务报表分析的基本原则3

  2、财务报表分析的逻辑步骤4

（三）财务报表分析的方法4

1、水平分析4

2、共同比报表分析4

3、比率分析法5

4、因素分析5

5、杜邦分析5

二、格力电器股份有限公司财务报表分析6

（一）资产负债表分析6

1、横向分析6

2、纵向分析7 

（二）利润表分析8

1、横向分析8

2、纵向分析9

（三）现金流量表分析10

1、横向分析10

2、纵向分析10

三、格力电器股份有限公司财务能力分析12

（一）偿债能力12