索拉胶寡糖激活拟南芥防御响应效果分析
关键词：索拉胶；土壤杆菌ZX09；流变行为；拟南芥；防御响应
毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）外文摘要
Title: Analysis of the elicitation effect of Salecan oligosaccharides on the defense response of Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract
To enhance the diseases resistance by activating the plant immune system is a promising way to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In the previous study the elicitation effect of the oligosaccharides of a novel carbohydrate, Salecan, on the immune system of Arabidopsis thaliana cv. Col0 was evaluated. At first, the time-course of process parameters and rheological behaviors of Salecan solution were investigated during the fermentation of Agrobacterium sp. ZX09. The results showed that the highest yield of Salecan up to 4.8 g/L was achieved at 46 h. The rheological behavior of Salecan solution conformed to the Carreau-Gahleitner polymer model. The weight-averaged molecular mass of Salecan increased along with the fermentation time, and the psudoplasity was gradually remarkble with time. Afterwards, the induction effect of Salecan oligosaccharides (SOs) on Arabidopsis was studied. The trascription of several featured mRNAs was monitored by means of RT-PCR method after the treatmentment of 500 mg/L of SOs on the leaves. The transcription levels of the mRNAs of pathogenisis-related (PR) proteins, PR1, PR2, and PR3 were all upregulated evidently. The results indicated that the SOs activated the salicylic acid-dependent immune system in A. thaliana.
Keywords: Salecan, Agrobacterium sp. ZX09, rheological behavior, Arabidopsis thaliana, defense response
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 植物病害与防控 1
1.2 植物免疫系统 1
1.3 索拉胶与索拉胶寡糖简介 2
1.4 研究工作的发展和应用前景 3
2 材料与方法 4
2.1 实验仪器和材料 4
2.2 实验涉及的方法和技术 6
2.3 实验操作 6
3 结果与讨论 16
3.1 土壤杆菌ZX09发酵产索拉胶过程参数分析 16
3.2 索拉胶寡糖诱导拟南芥防御响应效果分析 22
3.3 小结 27
结论 28
参考文献 30
致谢 32
1 绪论
1.1 植物病害与防控
植物病害(plant disease) 是指植物在生物或非生物因子的影响与作用下，发生了一系列的形态、生理和生化上的病理变化，而阻碍了其正常生长与发育，从而影响人类经济效益的现象。植物病害严重威胁农业的可持续发展。根据联合国粮农组织估计，世界主要农作物因病害造成的产量损失年均超过10% [1]。特别是在中国这个古老的农业大国，由病原微生物引起的植物病害是威胁农业生产的重要因素之一，以稻瘟病为例，我国每年发病面积均在8000万亩以上，造成产量损失10%左右，有的产区甚至颗粒无收。植物病害不仅造成农作物产量减少农民收入下降，而且严重影响中国乃至全世界的粮食安全。植物病害可由其病原种类差异分为侵染性病害和非侵染性病害。其中侵染性病害是指由生物引起，有传染性的病害。侵染性病害病原体有多种，包括真菌、细菌、病毒、线虫和寄生性种子植物等。目前侵染性植物病害防控主要采用化学农药，但化学农药的高强度和不规范使用对食品安全和生态环境产生明显的负面影响，如食品农药残留超标、土壤微生态失衡、土壤与水体污染。因此，开发环境友好的植物病害高效防控技术以减少化学农药使用量逐渐成为植物保护领域的研究热点。实验表明，适度激活植物自身免疫反应，能够有效增强植物对病原微生物的抗性，降低病害损失。
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