卡柱苣苔的半致死温度研究
毕业论文关键词：卡柱苣苔、半致死温度、Logistic方程、电解质渗出率
Study on the lethal temperature of Chirita 'Kazu'
Abstract： Propagation methods and the efficiency of Chirita ‘Kazu’ with different leaf cutting types and substrates were investigated. The results showed that the rooting rates of all type leaf cutting types were very high, close to or even reach to 100%. The time of rooting initiation and adventitious buds emergence were associated with the cutting method and substrate formula. Cutting of the upper segment without petiole presented less time for rooting. The rooting initiation of cutting propagation with the upper segment of the leaf on pure vermiculite was only 10d. The number of adventitious buds was also closely related with the cutting type and substrate. The upper segments of leaf cutting produced more adventitious buds. And the cuttings on peat and perlite (1:1) mix produced maximum adventitious buds.
With two segments, each leaf can obtain 6.4 plantlets during spring and summer season.
Key Words: gesneriad; indoor plant；growth media；propagation efficiency
1 绪论
1.1 苦苣苔科
卡柱苣苔（Chirita‘Kazu’）是苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）线叶唇柱苣苔（C.linearifolia）和唇柱苣苔宽叶变种（C.sinensis var.latifolia)杂交
选育得到的园艺品种，为多年生草本，具粗根状茎。具有很高的观赏价值。
1.1.1 苦苣苔科综述
苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）主产全球热带及亚热带，共150属，约3700种。分为两个亚科：苦苣苔亚科（Cyrtandroideae）和大岩桐亚科（Gesnerioideae）。根据不同的分类系统，属和种的数量不一，约有4或5族，79属1 770余种。大岩桐亚科多个属已被开发并进入商业应用领域，成为新兴室内观赏花卉。苦苣苔亚科在苦苣苔科中属于较大的类群，主要分布在亚洲东部及南部、非洲亚热带和热带以及欧洲的地中海地区和澳大利亚东北部，仅2种分布在北美洲南部和南美洲北部。苦苣苔亚科东非原产的非洲堇属（Saintpaulia）、东南亚原产芒毛苣苔属（Aeschynanthus）等少数种类在国外得以开发利用，在美国、加拿大等西方国家已育成大量园艺品种，在全球室内观赏花卉市场非常畅销。
1.1.2 苦苣苔科植物的形态特征及生态习性
苦苣苔科植物多为具根状茎的草本，少数为灌木或乔木。叶对生或基生，稀轮生或互生，通常为单叶，不分裂，稀羽状分裂或为羽状复叶。花通常组成聚伞花序，两性，辐射对称或左右对称。萼片4～5枚。花冠管状或铃状，多数两唇形，雄蕊全部能育，或4或2枚能育；雌蕊由2枚心皮形成，子房上位，半下位或完全下位，1室，或2室、胚珠多数。蒴果，室背或室间纵裂，稀盖裂（盾座苣属）或为浆果。
大多数该科植物耐阴性强，喜生于岩壁中性和酸性土壤，阴性、湿度较大的环境，但少数种类需要特殊生境。株形多为莲座状，花冠色彩艳丽，叶片具有花叶，一年四季开花不断，具有较高观赏价值。