摘要水稻是我国重要的粮食和经济作物之一，然而，水稻叶片的黄变严重影响水稻的品质和产量，水稻光合作用的分子机制也是至关重要的。对叶色相关基因的定位和克隆，分析其生物学功能，有助于研究水稻光合作用分子机制。叶片颜色突变作为一种标记性状，具有较高的研究光合作用、叶绿体发育的利用价值。通过EMS诱变籼稻品种“蜀恢（SH）”，得到了一个黄色叶突变体（yl2），与野生型材料相比较，yl2表现出明显的叶片黄化。突变体yl2从分蘖期开始与野生型相比就表现出长势差异，比野生型株高较矮，长势较弱，抽穗期后突变体植株则较早衰老，种子发育受到影响，在带有颖壳和去除颖壳条件下，突变体的种子均小于野生型，千粒重也显著低于野生型种子。此外，在突变体yl2叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低。将该突变体与常规粳稻品种日本晴杂交配组，获得正常叶色的F1代，F1代自交后得到F2代群体，将所有F2代种子种植，苗期出现叶色分离现象，正常叶色植株和黄叶植株的分离比接近3:1，这表明该性状受单基因隐性控制。通过图位克隆的方法，成功地获得了位于5号染色体上的突变基因YL2。本研究为与YL2基因功能分析克隆奠定了基础。61587

毕业论文关键词：水稻；叶色突变；黄叶突变体；图位克隆

Abstract   Rice is one of the most important food and economic crop in China, However, rice leaf yellowing seriously affects the quality and yield of rice. Therefore, the exploring of molecular mechanism of rice leaf color formation in rice is pivotal for photosynthesis. As a marker trait, leaf color mutation has high research value in plant photosynthesis, chloroplast development and genetic breeding. By EMS mutagenesis of indica variety "Shuhui (SH)", we obtained a yellow leaf mutant (yl2), which presented multiple phenotypies, such as yellow leaf, dwarf etc. Compared to the wild type, the yl2 mutant showed a obvious leaf chlorosis and show the growth difference. In addition, the seed development was also affected. The mutant seeds were smaller than that of the wild type under the grain with glume or without glume conditions.Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the leaves of mutant yl2 were significantly reduced than that of wild type. To clone the YL2 gene, a F2 population was obtained and the ratio of green color and yellow color plants was 3:1. these phenomenon suggest that the trait was determined as a recessive gene. Using the method of map-based cloning, the mutation gene of YL2 was successfully delemined on chromosome 5. Our study lays a foundation for functional analysis of YL2 gene and should be helpful to explore the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis in rice.

  Key words：rice；leaf color mutation；yellow leaf mutant；Map-based Cloning

摘要

Abstract

目录

引言

1 材料与方法

  1.1实验材料

  1.2实验试剂

  1.3 实验方法

     1.3.1水稻叶绿素含量测定

     1.3.2水稻基因组DNA的提取

     1.3.3 PCR反应和分子标记多态性筛选

     1.3.4 突变基因的分子定位和引物设计

     1.3.5候选基因的预测及鉴定