摘要：为了解淮安市售克氏原螯虾的遗传多样性状况，本研究采用4个微卫星标记对营东(YD)、淮海(HH)和星光(XG)市场的3个克氏原螯虾群体进行了群体遗传多样性分析。结果表明，3个群体的平均观测杂合度为0。4406-0。4753 、平均期望杂合度为0。4241-0。6354，3个克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性均处于中等水平，其中营东市场群体遗传多样性最高，星光市场最低。3个群体的遗传分化指数是0。0403-0。1543，分化指数较低。基于遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树显示，3个群体可分为2组，营东市场群体与淮海市场群体聚为一支，星光市场群体单独为一支。本研究结果将为追溯市售克氏原鳌虾来源群体的遗传多样性及有针对性地开展克氏原螯虾资源保护和遗传育种提供参考。78962

毕业论文关键词：克氏原螯虾，微卫星标记，群体遗传多样性

Abstract：In order to understand the genetic persities of red swamp crayfish populations in markets of Huai’an City, four microsatellite markers were used to analyze 3 populations that were Yingdong (YD), Huaihai (HH) and Xingguang。 The results show that, in the three populations, the mean observed heterozygosity ranged from 0。4406 to 0。4753, and the average expected heterozygosity was 0。4241-0。6354, in addition the genetic persities of  the 3 populations were all in a medium leve lwith the YD population owning the highest genetic persity and the XG population being the lowest。 The differentiation index among the 3 populations were 0。0403-0。1543, which were in a low level。 Based on genetic distances of the 3 populations, the UPGMA tree were constructed, which indicated that three groups can be pided into 2 groups, YD and HH gathered in a group, and XG formed the other group separately。 The results obtained in this study will provide useful references for the analysis on genetic persities of the original populations of market crayfish and be helpful for resource protection and genetic breeding of P。 clarkii。

Keywords：Procambarus clarkii, Microsatellite markers, Population genetic persity

目  录

1  前言 5

1。1  克氏原鳌虾的背景 5

1。2  克氏原螯虾遗传学研究动态 6

1。3  微卫星标记法在水产生物中的应用 7

1。3。1  微卫星标记法的产生机制 7

1。3。2  微卫星标记法的优点 7

1。3。3  水产生物的微卫星序列来源 7

1。3。4  微卫星在群体遗传学方面的应用 8

1。4  研究目的及意义 8

2  实验过程 8

2。1  实验取材 8

2。2  主要仪器设备及试剂 9

2。2。1  主要仪器设备 9

2。2。2  主要实验试剂 9

2。2。3  试剂配制 9

2。3  提取基因组总DNA 9

2。4   样品DNA纯度检测 11

2。5   微卫星PCR扩增 11

2。5。1  引物筛选 11

2。5。2  PCR扩增条件和产物监测