摘要无线个人局域网是一种采用无线连接的个人局域网，通信范围一般在10米以内。IEEE 802.15.4是针对低速率无线个人局域网所制定的无线接入标准。媒体接入控制（MAC）层的功能是控制通信设备合理利用信道资源进行通信。IEEE 802.15.4标准的MAC层引入了超帧结构和载波监听多路访问冲突避免信道接入算法(CSMA-CA)等机制来实现这一功能。本文重点对该标准MAC层的CSMA-CA算法进行了学习和分析，并通过仿真实现对其性能进行了深入研究。59678

本论文首先介绍了无线个域网的研究背景及主要实现技术。其次对其协议标准IEEE 802.15.4协议进行了学习研究。然后重点分析了IEEE 802.15.4 MAC层的CSMA-CA算法。接着学习了NS-2网络仿真工具的原理和机制。最后通过NS-2仿真软件对CSMA-CA算法进行了仿真实现，深入分析了其丢包率，时间延迟，吞吐量及能量消耗等性能。

毕业论文关键词：IEEE 802.15.4  MAC  丢包率  时间延迟  吞吐量  能量消耗

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title  The Simulation and Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol                     

Abstract

Wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a kind of network without cable connection, whose communication range is generally less than 10 meters. IEEE 802.15.4 is a wireless access protocol developed for low-rate WPAN. The function of Media Access Control (MAC) layer is to control the devices communicate by utilize the channel resources rationally. To realize the function, the MAC layer of IEEE 802.15.4 has adopted several special mechanisms such as the Superframe and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) algorithm. This paper focuses on CSMA-CA algorithm in IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. 

The first part of this thesis introduces the research background and some popular implementation technology of WPAN. The second part is mainly about the study and analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. In the third part we study CSMA-CA algorithm of IEEE 802.15.4. The fourth part introduces the principles and mechanism of NS-2, a simulation tool for wireless networks. In the fifth part, by simulation we investigate the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA-CA including its pocket loss rate， time delay, throughput and energy consumption. 

Keywords: IEEE 802.15.4   MAC   pocket loss rate time delay   throughput   energy consumption

目   次

1  绪论 1

1.1  无线个域网 1

1.2  ZigBee技术 5

1.3  本文主要内容 9

2  IEEE 802.15.4标准 10

2.1  IEEE 802.15.4协议概述 10

2.2  物理（PHY）层 12

2.3  媒体接入控制（MAC）层 15

3  载波侦听多路访问冲突避免机制 22

3.1  相关概念 22

3.2  CSMA-CA信道接入算法 24

4  仿真工具NS-2 27

4.1  NS-2的简介 27

4.2  NS-2原理概述 27

4.3  NS的体系结构仿真过程 30

5 仿真实验与分析 32

5.1  仿真平台的搭建 32