水面目标的毫米波特性研究
摘要随着人类社会的发展，水污染问题日渐凸显，尤其是水体富营养化问题愈演愈烈。而传统水污染检测却存在费用高、工作量大、效率低等缺陷。
毫米波是一种波长位于微波和红外光谱之间的电磁辐射，兼有红外和微波的共同特征，从而形成其特有的性能。利用微波辐射计探测水体的辐射特性，进而对水体污染进行检测是一种新兴的水污染监测的方法，它能克服传统的水污染检测方法中的众多缺点。64808
本文首先介绍了毫米波辐射特性及辐射特性的测量原理。其次，介绍了狄克式辐射计的测量原理与定标方法。最后，利用毫米波测量技术与电磁场理论知识，建立3层媒质的毫米波辐射模型。并通过对探测目标的实际测量数据进行亮温反演，验证出利用毫米波辐射特性探测技术来检测富营养化的可行性。
毕业论文关键字：毫米波 辐射计 毫米波辐射模型 富营养化
Title： Millimeter wave radiation characteristic experiment and analysis of the target on water
Abstract
With the development of human society, the problem of water pollution has become increasingly prominent, especially water eutrophication problems intensified.there will be a large number of shortcomings such as the high cost, heavy workload, and low efficiency in the traditional water pollution detection.
Millimeter—wave (MMW) wavelengths is at the field between infrared and microwave，SO it has the same characteristics of two ranges.The radiation characteristics of water bodies can be detected by MMW radiometer. The pollution can be monitored with the help of the radiation characteristics. And this way is a new method to detect the water pollution which can come over the shortcomings of the traditional methods.
First,this paper introduced radiation characteristic of MMW and the measure principle.Second,it introduces the measurement principle and calibration method of Dick radiometer. Finally, using the knowledge of millimeter wave measuring technology and theory of electromagnetic fields, building three-layer media millimeter wave radiation model.Based on the actual measurement data to detect a target brightness temperature inversion,demonstrate the feasibility of using millimeter wave radiation detection technology to detect the eutrophication.
Key words:Millimeter Wave,Radiometer,Millimeter Wave Radiation Model, Eutrophication.
目 次
1绪论 1
1.1论文的课题背景 1
1.3本文的主要任务 3
2毫米波辐射特性的物理原理 4
2.1辐射测量原理 4
2.2物体的辐射特性 11
3毫米波辐射计 15
3.1全功率辐射计 15
3.2狄克型辐射计 16
3.3辐射计的主要技术指标 19
4水污染毫米波辐射理论分析与建模 20
4.1空气—植物—水面模型 20
4.2等效传输线模型 21
4.3植被水面的反射率 24
4.4 植被水面的亮温 25
4.5亮温反演 26
4.6测试数据及仿真