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摘要自问世以来, EMCCD就以其简洁的设计结构、很低的相对读出噪声、高量子效率而成为微光夜视传感器件中的后起之秀, 为微光和夜视技术的发展注入新的活力, 引起了广泛的关注。电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）对微弱光线具有极强的探测能力，这得益于EMCCD中的电子倍增效应。但在微弱光条件下，电子倍增CCD的输出图像存在信噪比低、图像层次不足，细节模糊现象严重等现象，因此必须对EMCCD获取的夜视图像进行预处理增强，其中很重要的一项就是直方图均衡处理，直方图均衡是一种重要的空间域图像处理方法,它是图像增强、图像压缩和图像识别的基础. 假如一幅图像的灰度分布在某个较小的区域中,那么该图像的动态范围就比较小,对图像的细节就不容易观察. 为了对图像的细节进行处理,可以使用直方图均衡的方法对图像进行预处理,通过增加图像的动态范围来增强图像的细节表现能力。本课题通过借鉴一般的直方图均衡原理提出了关于EMCCD图像的直方图均衡技术，并且通过FPGA实现EMCCD图像的直方图均衡，得到最佳的成像效果。实验结果表明：未经处理过的图像较暗，许多图像细节不利于人眼的观察，非常不适合于人眼的视觉特性，而经过直方图均衡处理后的图像的直方图比较平滑地分布在整个灰度区间，不但其亮度得到大幅度的提升，而且图像细节也充分的呈现。10001
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关键词 自动增益 直方图均衡 EMCCD FPGA 微光夜视
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Electron multiplier CCD night vision image histogram equalization algorithm and its implementation
Abstract
since its inception, the EMCCD with its simple design structure, very low relative readout noise, high quantum efficiency and the dim light of night become a rising star in the visual sensor, and inject new vitality into the development of the dim light and night vision technology, which has attracted wide attention. Electron multiplier CCD (the EMCCD) has a strong ability to detect faint light, thanks to the EMCCD in the electron multiplier effect. But in weak light conditions, the electron multiplier output from the CCD image has low SNR, lack of image-level fuzzy details and serious phenomenon, and therefore the EMCCD night vision image must be pretreatment enhanced. which is very important to a histogram equalization, histogram equalization is an important spatial domain image processing,.it is the bases of the image enhancement, image compression and image recognition, and if the gray level distribution of an image in a small area. the image's dynamic range is relatively small, the details of the image is not easy to observe. In order to deal with the details of the image histogram equalization method can be used to preprocess the image by increasing the dynamic range of images to enhance image The details of the performance capacity. This topic by drawing on the general principle of histogram equalization EMCCD image histogram equalization, and FPGA EMCCD image histogram equalization, to get the best imaging results. The experimental results show that: the untreated image darker, a lot of image detail is not conducive to the observation of the human eye is very suitable for human visual characteristics, the histogram of the image after histogram equalization smoothly distributed the entire range of gray scale, not only its brightness has been greatly enhanced, and image detail is fully presented.
Keywords Histogram Equalization Night vision FPGA EMCCD
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1课题背景及意义 1
1. 2 研究与发展现状 1
1. 3 本文研究内容 2
2 直方图均衡算法原理介绍 2