To develop an integrated framework that generally supports different computerized approaches, other information sources, such as gbXML and cfiXML, need to be integrated to provide detailed information for the configuration of HVAC systems。 Information items which are defined in different sources are not unique (Glazer 2009)。 For example, building geometric information is represented in both IFC and gbXML。 Therefore, what is needed is to check the consistency of the information items that are maintained by different sources。 Given the large number of information items and the variety of information sources, it is very challenging to develop ad hoc procedures to

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interpret the information requirements of different computerized approaches, extract needed information from each of these information sources, check the consistency of all information items, and provide the information to the computerized approaches。 An approach is needed to support these processes more generally。

CONCLUSIONS

This paper has shown the need for an integrated framework to achieve the vision of self-managing HVAC systems。 By exploring the existing computerized approaches that enable the automated performance analysis and fault mitigation, the energy saving potential of these approaches were recognized。 The information and functional requirements for implementing such an integrated framework were analyzed based on thirty-two previous studies。 A prototype application was implemented to test the feasibility of the envisioned framework。

The prototype showed the need for an approach that can extract information requirements from different sources and check their consistency, and provide the needed information to the approaches。 Further research is needed to develop such an approach to address these needs。

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) for the grant that supported the research presented in this paper, which is part of the research project Identification of Functional Requirements and Possible Approaches for Self-Configuring Intelligent Building Systems。 The authors would also like to acknowledge and thank Dr。 Steven Bushby from NIST for the input and feedback received over the duration of this project。文献综述

摘要采暖通风与空调系统消费大约占美国能源消费总量的百分之十六。然而，调查显示由于未被注意的错误，采暖通风与空调系统消费的能源有百分之二十五到百分之四十是被浪费的。积极发现错误需要持续的监督和分析采暖通风与空调系统组成部分的硬件和软件状况。随着HVAC的复杂性的增加，错误检测依赖的人工程序变得更具挑战性和不可行。因此，需要一个使HVAC可以持续监督、评估和安装的计算机程序。本文旨在提出一个发展和实施自动配置方法来运行和维护HVAC的集成框架。讨论包括识别功能需求，现有自动配置方法的集合，和一份用一个实施模型系统发展集成框架的需求。

介绍建筑业占美国能源总消费的百分之四十一和二氧化碳排放量的百分之38。大约百分之四十的住宅和商业建筑的能源消耗适用于HVAC（来自美国能源部和美国电子工业联合会2008年的数据）。然而，调查显示采暖通风与空调系统使用的能源中是被浪费的百分之二十五到百分之四十是因错误而浪费的，例如放错位和无标定点传感器，故障控制器和控制设备，错误的实施和控制逻辑的执行，控制软件和硬件组成的集成，和次优的控制策略。这一浪费在美国有每年360亿到600亿美元。由于能源资源的快速消耗和日益严重的环境污染问题，这一浪费的间接社会和环境影响超出了估计。

一些研究人员指出不同的种错误发生的主要原因导致能源浪费的暖通空调系统越来越复杂的，而且操作员很难手动检测和诊断故障。由于对室内环境控制的需求越来越大，越来越多的暖通空调系统配备了软件和硬件组件。为了保持这些HVAC所需的性能，运营商需要不断监测和诊断数百个组件。此外，由于在暖通空调系统中发生的不同的故障会有相似的症状，操作者很难诊断出产生故障的根本原因。如果可能，所有这些问题使得其很难，手动监测HVAC系统的性能和检测可能出现的问题而导致低效率的操作。