摘要船舶轴系扭转振动是影响船舶安全、舒适航行的重要因素。如果在设计阶段，设 计人员未发现轴系隐藏的问题，就会有很大的概率发生船体振动幅度增大，曲轴出现 裂纹，弹性联轴器的弹性元件过早地失去作用而报废，甚至有可能发生严重的断轴事 故，非常危险。随着造船行业的不断发展，柴油机功率越来越大，船舶配套设施越来 越多，船舶在航行中出现严重扭转振动的可能性会大大提高。目前，船舶轴系的扭振 已渐渐成为动力装置故障的重要原因之一。所以，设计人员在船舶设计过程中，必须 计算轴系的扭振，校核扭振强度，采取适当措施来减少或消除扭振的影响。

本文以 49M 汽车渡轮为实例，查阅国内外研究专家的著作资料，对汽车渡轮的 轴系进行相应的分析与研究。在对轴系进行当量系统转换的基础上，通过 BASIC 语 言计算自由振动和强迫振动，并绘出相应振型图和应力图。在此数据基础上进行强度 校核，根据实际情况采用不同的减振避振措施。84397

毕业论文关键字：轴系；扭振；自由振动；强迫振动；减振；避振

Abstract The torsional vibration of marine shafting is an important factor toinfluence the safety and comfort of the ship。 If in the design stage, designers not found hidden shafting problem, there will be a great probability of occurrence hull vibration amplitude increases, crack of crankshaft, elastic coupling of the elastic elements prematurely lost and useless, may even occur serious shaft broken accident, very dangerous。 With the continuous development of the shipbuilding industry, the increasing probability of the diesel engine, the more and more supporting facilities, the ship in the navigation of the possibility of severe torsional vibration will be greatly improved。 At present, the torsional vibration of marine shafting has gradually become one of the important reasons for the failure of the power plant。 Therefore, design personnel in the ship design process, must calculate the shaft torsional vibration, check torsional vibration strength, take appropriate measures to reduce or eliminate the influence of torsional vibration。

In this paper, the 49M vehicle ferry as an example, access to domestic and international research experts of the book, the car ferry to the corresponding analysis and research。 On the basis of the equivalent system conversion, the free vibration and forced vibration are calculated by the BASIC language, and the corresponding mode diagram and stress diagram are drawn。 On the basis of the data, the strength check is carried out, and different vibration reduction and vibration isolation measures are adopted according to the actual situation。

Keywords: shafting; torsional vibration; free vibration; forced vibration; lowering vibration; avoiding vibration

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 研究背景 1

1。2 国内外研究现状 1

1。3本文的主要内容 2

第二章 建立轴系扭振的当量系统 3

2。1 当量系统简介 3

2。2 49M 汽车渡轮轴系简介 4

2。3 轴系当量系统参数的计算 6

2。3。1 柴油机、齿轮箱部分的简化 6

2。3。2