迈克尔逊干涉仪实验原理及其干涉条纹图像处理技术研究
关键词 迈克尔逊干涉，光学镜头，图像处理，细线化
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Principle of Michelson interference and technology of interference fringe image processing
Abstract
Michelson interference experiment is one of the important courses in "optical experiment Ⅱ",as a undergraduate basic course of photoelectric information engineering .Experiment is mainly to observe isopach and isoclinic interference fringes, using Michelson interferometer to measure in thin transparent glass thickness。In order to realize the reform of the teaching, it is proposed to improve the existing experiments and adopt CCD to collect the images automatically and study the image processing. This paper discusses the imaging of the eyeball and the relationship between the design of the corresponding optical imaging lens, and the interference fringe image by CCD camera to experiments for automatic acquisition and real-time display, and designed corresponding computer image acquisition software. At the same time ，in order to measure the thickness of a transparent medium chips by the observation of white light interference fringes, we can process the collected stripe image in digital image processing way， including linear contrast stretch,image filtering,two valued,opening and closing operations on the fringe centerline extraction,accurate fitting the fringe curve,thus，minimize the error brought by the human eye subjective factors, accurately calculate the measurement data required by the experiment.
Keywords Michelson interference, optical lens, image processing, fine lines
目 次
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 迈克尔逊干涉仪的简单介绍1
1.2 项目研究背景及意义1
1.3本论文主要工作1
第2章 迈克尔逊干涉3
2.1 迈克尔逊干涉基本原理 3
2.2 迈克尔逊干涉实验原理3
2.3 迈克尔逊干涉实验调节步骤5
第3章 图像的采集与显示7
3.1 CCD相机的简单介绍 7
3.2光学镜头的设计7
第4章 干涉条纹处理研究10
4.1 图像对比度增强 10
4.2 噪声滤除13
4.3 二值化及处理14
4.4 细线化16
4.5 曲线的拟合17
第5章 图像处理的应用20
总结与展望21
致谢22
参考文献23
1 绪论
1.1 迈克尔逊干涉仪的简单介绍
迈克尔逊干涉仪,是1883年美国物理学家迈克尔逊和莫雷合作完成的，用来研究“以太”的漂移而设计出来的极其精密的光学测量仪器。它是利用光的分振幅法来产生两束光来实现干涉的。通过调整迈克尔逊干涉仪，不仅可以产生等厚干涉条纹，而且还可以产生等倾干涉条纹。该干涉仪主要是用于长度及折射率的测量，如果观察到了干涉条纹移动了一条，那么便是动臂M2的的移动量为 ，也就等效于M1和M2之间的空气膜层厚度改变了 。在近代物理及近代计量技术中，比如在光谱线精细结构的研究和用光波来标定标准米尺等实验中都有着非常重要的应用。利用该仪器的原理，还研制出了多种专用干涉仪。可以说，迈克尔逊干涉仪在计量和测量领域有着难以替代的作用，所以对于迈克尔逊干涉的研究是有着非常重要的意义[1]。
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