摘要：光栅是一种常用的光学元件，主要作用是分光，常用于光谱仪中。其基本原理是复 色光入射至光栅后产生衍射，各波长的衍射极大彼此错开。光的衍射体现了光的波动性。

由于光波波长很短，并且光栅衍射理论计算的过程比较复杂，因而其物理图像难于直观表 现。而当代计算机技术的飞速发展，为模拟现代光学实验提供了极大的便利，其低成本、 易实现、易观察的特点深受研究人员青睐。本文将采用 Matlab 对白光光栅衍射进行仿真， 并对输出的仿真结果进行讨论。70910

毕业论文关键词：Matlab，仿真，衍射，光栅

Abstract：Raster is a kind of common optical element, mainly used to split lights and commonly used in the spectrometer. It is fundamentally to produce a diffraction after the incidence of polychromatic light to the raster. Diffractions of different wavelength staggered from each other greatly. The diffractions of the light embody its wave characters. Because the wavelength of the light is very short and the procedure to calculate the theory of raster diffraction is rather complicated, it is really difficult to show physical schema directly. However, as the modern computer techniques develop fast, it provides the great convenience to simulate the current optical experiment. It is also deeply favored by the researchers for its low cost, easy-to-realize, and easy-to-observe. This passage will use Matlab to simulate the diffraction of white radiation raster and discuss the results of the output simulation.

Key word: Matlab，simulation，diffraction，raster

目  录

1 引言 4

2 光栅衍射原理 4

2.1 基尔霍夫衍射理论 4

2.2 夫琅禾费矩孔衍射 7

2.3 单缝夫琅禾费衍射 7

2.4 光栅衍射强度分布 8

2.5 光栅衍射的缺级现象 9

2.6 光栅衍射的应用——光谱仪 10

2.7 本章小结 10

3 基于 MATLAB 的光栅衍射实验仿真 10

3.1 仿真程序及结果 11

3.2 缝数 N 对光栅衍射图样的影响 11

3.3 改变光栅常数对衍射条纹的影响 12

3.4 条纹的缺级现象 13

3.5 波长对衍射条纹的影响 14

3.6 本章小结 14

结论 16

参考文献 17

致谢 18

1 引言

光栅衍射是经典光学中最为典型的实验现象之一[1]。由于光栅衍射理论计算的结果比 较复杂，物理图像难于直观表象,而且由于实验器材的操作比较繁杂，对于衍射规律的认识 和掌握有一定的困难。为使光栅衍射规律和物理图像很好的结合, 利用图像模拟可以较好 的解决上述问题。论文网