摘要 ： 光的衍射是一种重要的光学现象，是指光在传播过程中遇到障碍物或小孔时，光将偏离直线传播而绕到障碍物后面传播的现象。根据光源、衍射物、观察屏三者相互距 离的大小可将衍射分为两大类，即菲涅尔衍射与夫琅禾费衍射。由于光波波长很短，衍射 现象较难被观察到，而光学实验对仪器的稳定性、环境、操作过程等要求都很高，光路搭 建和实验仪器的调试都将耗费较长时间，实验结果也可能与预期存在偏差。近年来，Matlab 以其强大的运算及作图功能广泛用于各种仿真中。本文将依据矩形孔的夫琅禾费衍射原 理，利用 Matlab 软件实现对矩形孔的夫琅禾费衍射实验的计算机仿真，输出仿真结果并对 其进行讨论，有助于对衍射现象的研究。74455 

毕业论文关 键 词 ： 衍射，Matlab，仿真 

Abstract：Light diffraction is an important optical phenomenon that the light deviates from  the

original straight line to the region behind the obstacle when encountering an obstacle or a hole in the propagation process。 According to the distances among optical source, diffraction object, and the apearture, diffraction can be pided into two categories: Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction。 However, due to the short wavelength of light, the diffraction phenomenon  is difficult to be observed。 Furthermore, the demands on the stabilities of the instrument, environment, as well as operation process are very high in optical experiments, and it will take a long time to set up and adjust the experimental instruments, even the experiment results is possible to deviate from the expectations。 In recent years, owing to its powerful calculation and drawing functions, Matlab is widely used in various kinds of simulations。 In this paper, the rectangular hole Fraunhofer diffraction experiment will be simulated with Matlab software based on the theoretical principles。 The results of simulation will be output, which will be helpful for the research on the diffraction phenomenon。

Keywords:    diffraction, Matlab, simulation

目 录

1 引言 3

2 夫琅禾费矩形孔衍射 3

2。1 实验装置 4

2。2 衍射场及光强分布 4

2。3 衍射图样特征分析 6

2。4 本章小结 8

3 夫琅禾费矩形孔衍射的仿真 8

3。1 MATLAB 仿真简介 8

3。2 夫琅禾费矩形孔衍射的仿真程序 9

3。3 仿真结果分析 10

3。4 本章小结 13

结论 14

参考文献 15

致 谢 16

1 引言 

光的衍射是一种重要的光学现象，是光的波动性主要标志之一。波在传播过程中，只 要其波面受到限制，则就会伴随衍射的发生。研究光波衍射是以惠更斯-菲涅尔原理为基 础的。通过对光的各种衍射现象的研究，可以更加具体的了解光的波动性。 论文网