摘要硝基甘脲类化合物是一类高能量密度化合物。本论文以乙二醛和脲为原料，经醛胺缩合成环反应合成了四氢-咪唑并[4,5-d]咪唑-2,5-二酮。再以其为原料，经一步硝化反应得到了二硝基甘脲（DNGU）。硝硫混酸硝化可得到高纯度的二硝基甘脲，且产率可达90%左右。以1,4-二硝基甘脲（DNGU）为原料，利用纯硝酸和醋酐体系硝化可得到1,3,4,6-四硝基甘脲（TNGU）。但其反应条件严格，且产率较低。64297

此外，本论文还合成了1，4-二苄基甘脲。引入苄基可借助TLC和HPLC追踪反应进程及产物纯度。本论文还以二硝基甘脲为原料，进行了氟化和酰胺羰基的还原，但尚未获得结构明确的产品。这一探索过程也为其衍生物的研究奠定了基础，具有一定的科研价值和意义。

毕业论文关键词：硝基甘脲  硝化  1，4-二苄基甘脲  

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title  The Synthesis of Derivatives of Nitroglycoluril                                

Abstract Nitroderivatives of glycoluril is a kind of the high energy density compounds. 

In the paper, tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)-dione (glycoluril) was synthesized by using urea and glyoxal as the starting materials through condensation reaction.And nitrify the product in one process to form 1,4-dinitroglycoluril.When using sulfonitric acid as the nitration reagent,the high purity product in about 90% field can be obtained. 1,3,4,6-tetranitroglycoluril was synthesized by using 1,4-dinitroglycoluril with pure HNO3/Ac2O.But the reaction condition is quite strict and the yield is a little low.

In addition, 1,4 - dibenzyl glycoluril was also synthesized. The introduction of benzyl group can help to monitor the reaction process and the purity of product by TLC or HPLC.In the paper, the reaction of fluorination and reduction of carbonyl in amide were also been performed, but the structure of the product has not yet been known.  Further studies remains to be done.

Keywords  nitroglycoluril  nitration  1,4 - dibenzyl glycoluril

目   次

1 绪论 1

1.1  概述 1

1.2  HEDC的发展历程与应用现状 4

1.3 本课题选题意义、研究目的与内容 5

1.3.1 选题的意义与背景 5

1.3.2 课题研究目的与内容 8

2  实验部分 10

2.1  甘脲的合成 10

2.1.1  实验条件 10

2.1.2  合成路线 10

2.1.3  实验操作 10

2.1.4 结果与讨论 11

2.2  1，4-二硝基甘脲（DNGU）的合成 11

2.2.1  实验条件 11

2.2.2  反应路线 11

2.2.3  实验操作 12

2.2.4  结果与讨论 12

2.3  1,3,4,6-四硝基甘脲（TNGU）的合成 14

2.3.1  实验条件 14

2.3.2  反应路线 15

2.3.3  实验操作 15