摘要21世纪的今天，人类大大拓展了自己的生存空间。在此过程中，往往需要定位技术的支持。全球定位系统如美国开发的GPS、中国的北斗、俄罗斯的GLONASS系统等在全球大范围定位上发挥着巨大作用，但在局部定位中还存在不足。本文针对目前这种情况设计的基于超声波和红外线的测距定位系统,具有适用范围广，成本低，精确度高的优点，满足市场的需求。87145

本系统使用单片机作为中心处理芯片，完成对障碍物的距离测量和坐标定位。在设计中使用超声波传感器对障碍物进行声波探测，单片机对发射和接收到的声波信号进行分析和数据处理，获取所测物体到系统的距离。红外传感器用来感知障碍物的存在，给单片机发射信号来控制舵机的转动。借助舵机来带动红外传感器转动，扩大超声波传感器的检测范围，使系统不仅仅局限于某一固定方向障碍物的探测，也可以得到障碍物在其他方向上的角度。有了距离和角度，就可以计算出距离和坐标，最后将结果显示在LCD1602液晶显示屏上，并通过蜂鸣器报警。

毕业论文关键词:单片机；超声波；红外线；测距；定位

Abstract The 21st century, humanity greatly expand their living space。 In this process, it often needs positioning technology to support。 Global positioning system, such as the United States developed GPS, China's Beidou, Russia's GLONASS system play a huge role in worldwide, but there are still some shortcomings in the local positioning。 In this paper, a ranging positioning system based on ultrasonic and infrared is designed to solve the problem。 The system has the characteristics of strong adaptability, low cost, high precision meeting the needs of the market。

This design is based on MCU technology to achieve the measurement of the object distance and location of the position。 In the design, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the front object。 The single chip microcomputer is used to analyze and calculate the ultrasonic signal transmitted and received by the ultrasonic sensor。 The distance between the measured object and the system is obtained after that。 An infrared sensor is used to sense the presence of obstacles, and to transmit the signal to the MCU to control the rotation of the servo motor。 The infrared sensor is driven to rotate in order to enlarge the detection range of the ultrasonic sensor by the steering gear。 The system is not only limited to the detection of a fixed direction obstacle, but also we can get obstacles in other directions from the point of view。 With the distance and angle, we can easily calculate the distance and coordinates, and finally the results are shown in the LCD1602。 At the same time, the buzzer alarms。

Keywords: MCU;  ultrasonic; Infrared; ranging; positioning

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 课题研究背景 1

1。2 课题研究意义 1

1。3 国内外研究现状 2

1。3。1国外研究现状 2

1。3。2国内研究现状 2

1。3。3现阶段常见问题及分析 3

1。4本课题主要研究内容 3

1。5论文的组织结构 4

1。6本章小结 4

第二章 测距定位系统工作原理 5

2。1 超声波介绍 5

2。2超声波测距模块 6

2。3 超声波的产生原理