摘要:随着地球上不可再生资源的日益枯竭以及使用这些能源造成严重的生态环境污染将不再满足可持续性发展战略，对绿色、丰富、循环性的太阳能资源的开发利用已经成为人类生存发展过程的研究之重。为了充分利用太阳能，提高其利用效率，本文设计了一种双轴跟踪控制系统。
本文首先从已知的太阳能跟踪机构和控制方法入手,探讨了单轴和双轴跟踪机构，着重介绍了太阳能跟踪的视日运动轨迹跟踪和光电跟踪控制方法，对系统进行整体架构；然后设计视日运动轨迹跟踪的跟踪算法，对太阳位置进行分析计算，但由于该跟踪方法累计误差较大，采用光电跟踪对系统进一步精确跟踪；按功能分块介绍系统各模块的功能以及软硬件设计，此外基于风速保护设计风速风向传感器的自动规避，实现无间断检测风力风向以保护光伏板；最后通过无刷直流电机（BLDCM）建模分析，研究了基于PID的三闭环伺服控制算法并对其进行仿真。仿真结果表明该控制算法能有效的提高系统抗干扰能力和跟踪精度从而提高太阳能利用效率；并对通过编写程序算得的太阳位置的高度角和方位角与专业的虚拟天文软件Stellarium实测用户相对太阳位置进行对比，对比结果表明视日运动轨迹累计误差较小，可通过光电跟踪消除。
关键词：太阳能双轴跟踪；光电检测；传感器；位置环
Abstract:With the depletion of nonrenewable resources on Earth, and the use of these energy causes serious ecological pollution, which will no longer meet the sustainable development strategy. Therefore, Development and utilization of green, rich, recycling of solar energy has become the focus of human survival and development process. In order to make full use of solar energy and improve its efficiency, This paper introduces a dual-axis tracking control system.
Firstly,this paper discusses the uniaxial and biaxial tracking mechanism from the known solar tracking mechanism and control method. This paper focuses on the solar tracing as the trajectory tracking and photoelectric tracking control method,and then the overall program of the system proposed ;Then,the tracking algorithm of the day of trajectory tracking is designed, and the solar position is modeled. However, due to the large error of the tracking method, the photoelectric tracking is carried out to further accurately track. According to the function of the block, the module describes the system functions and the design of hardware and software .In addition, The wind speed sensor is designed to achieve automatic avoidance . Finally, through the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) modeling analysis,the three - closed - loop servo control algorithm based on PID is studied and simulated. The simulation results show that the control algorithm can effectively improve the anti - jamming ability and tracking precision of the system and improve the solar energy efficiency.And the height and angle of the solar position calculated by the program is compared with the actual virtual astronomy software Stellarium to analysis. The comparison result shows that the cumulative error of the moving trajectory is smaller and can be eliminated by photoelectric tracking.
Key words: solar biaxial tracking; photoelectric detection; sensor; Position Loop
目录
第一章绪论 1
1.1课题研究背景 1
1.1.1当前能源局势和发展 1
1.1.2太阳能利用现状与趋势 2
1.1.3我国太阳能资源分布情况 3
1.2太阳能跟踪系统的发展现状 太阳能电站的自动跟踪系统设计+PCB电路图+Matlab程序:http://www.youerw.com/zidonghua/lunwen_205059.html