摘要选取稻壳灰、硅藻土、活性炭作为吸附剂，进行了模拟含铀废水中UO22+吸附实验的研究，考察了吸附时间，温度，稻壳灰、硅藻土、活性炭的投加量及初始浓度对铀酰离子吸附率的影响。并用XRD谱图分析了稻壳灰、硅藻土、活性炭的组成。实验结果表明：反应时间、温度、投加量、初始浓度对铀酰离子的吸附率都有一定影响。三种吸附剂对铀酰离子的吸附效果排序：稻壳灰﹥活性炭﹥硅藻土。在pH为2，温度为40℃，转速为140r/min，反应时间为300min条件下，1001.1mg的稻壳灰对初始浓度为10mg/L的铀酰溶液的去除率达到42.63%。此外，实验采用pH=1的盐酸浸渍吸附后的吸附剂，进行脱附研究，脱附率最高达到82.14%。三种吸附剂对铀酰离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。稻壳灰、活性炭对铀酰离子的吸附过程用准二级吸附动力学方程描述，而硅藻土对铀酰离子的吸附过程用准一级吸附动力学方程描述。8108关键词稻壳灰硅藻土吸附放射性废水
Title Adsorption of porous materials for the radioactive wastewater
Abstract：
The adsorption experiments were researched by using the rice husk powder(RHA),
diatomite and activated carbon as adsorbents to remove the UO22+ from aqueous
solution.The affecting factors on the UO22+ removal rate such as contact
time,temperature,dosage of adsorbent, and initial concentration were evaluated.X-Ray
Diffraction techniques were employed to analysis the structure of the three
adsorbents.The test results show that contact time,temperature,dosage of adsorbent and
the initial concentration of uranium have an some effect on adsorption efficiency.And
in contrast to the three uranium adsorption effect sort: RHA ﹥ activated carbon ﹥
diatomite.When pH=2,T=40℃,the shaker speed is 140 r/min, the reaction time is
300min, the removal rate of 1001.1mg RHA for 10mg/L uranyl ions is up to 42.63%.In
addition,the desorptive solution of HCl have been tested to recover uranium from the
sdsorbent.The highest values of uranium desorption(82.14%)have been reached using
0.1M HCl.The adsorption behavior accords with Langmuir isotherm.And
pseudo-second-order kinetic equation is more appropriate for RHA and activated
carbon,while pseudo-first-order kinetic equation is more appropriate for diatomite.
Key words rice husk power diatomite adsorption radioactive wastewater
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 放射性废水的来源及危害. 1
1.2 放射性废水中铀的存在形态. 2
1.3 吸附法处理含铀废水研究现状. 2
1.4 吸附剂性质. 3
1.5 放射性废水中铀的测量方法. 4
2 实验部分 5
2.1 实验材料和试剂. 5
2.2 实验仪器. 5
2.3 铀标准溶液的制备. 7
2.4 计算方法. 7
2.5 实验流程. 7
2.6 稻壳灰吸附实验. 8
2.7 硅藻土吸附实验. 8
2.8 活性炭吸附实验. 9
2.9 脱附. 10
3 实验结果和分析 10
3.1 稻壳灰吸附实验. 10
3.2 硅藻土吸附实验. 15
3.3 活性炭吸附实验. 20
3.4 脱附结果. 25
3.5 吸附等温线. 25
3.6 吸附动力学. 28
结论 33
致谢 34
参考文献 35 放射性废水在多孔材料上的吸附性能研究:http://www.youerw.com/cailiao/lunwen_6322.html